Formation of the need for occupations of physical culture in technical university students
Фотографии:
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Higher education should be considered as a core, aimed at the reproduction of highly qualified personnel as a condition to ensure continuity in the development of society, social stability, the implementation of creative abilities of the younger generations, which makes the basis of the higher vocational education spiritual, moral and economic revival of Russia. One of the fundamental tasks of the higher education system is the realization of the main socio-transforming function, determines the priority development of education that facilitates a successful social reconstruction of society. The main feature of modern higher education is its change from the epistemological to the personality-centered educational paradigm, revealing new opportunities for self-actualization, better use of the personality’s creative potential. This process is primary in physical education as a powerful method of intellectual, biological, spiritual and moral development of a personality [1].
The purpose of the study was theoretical and methodological substantiation of the role of physical culture as a structural component of the system of higher vocational training.
Objectives:
1. Develop the method of formation of the need for regular physical education in technical college students.
2. Experimental testing of the system’s effectiveness. Physical education should be seen as a major area of general culture, as it is a method of qualitative transformation of a personality, the result of which is shown in the output of a new level of functioning of the body, coordinated development of intellectual, motor, moral, volitional, and moral qualities.
Regular physical activity contributes to the allocation of the essential personality features: attitude, character, level of cognitive ability, indicators of autonomy, responsibility, commitment, etc. It is common knowledge that the new younger generation have benefited from social activities of previous generations, their ideas, methods, scientific and teaching tools: a system of physical education and other Lesgaft’s assimilation of physical culture heritage creates the conditions for the emergence of social needs on a new, higher level.
Biological properties of the person is not inherited and are not constant, depending on the requirements of progressive social development, they are formed in accordance with the tasks. Thus, the level of development of intellectual qualities of perception, attention, memory, thinking, analytical skills, qualitative aspects of motor activity: muscle strength, speed, endurance, agility, etc., mental properties, determination, will power, perseverance, etc. in different occupations is different. This methodological position determines the need for intellectual, physical, spiritual and moral education as the backbone factor production efficiency. This led to the introduction into the curriculum of higher educational institutions of physical culture as general subjects with a specific focus and content.
However, the discipline was underestimated due to the contradictory views on the role and place of physical culture in the educational system, insufficient use of its means and methods, weak orientation to realization of the value approach to formation of the personality, stipulating for the consistent unity of the intellectual, physical and spiritual and moral. It resulted in the wrong idea of physical education as a specific method of comprehensive development, education and self-education in order to successful self-actualization in the industrial and social activities [1, 3, 4].The orientation of the educational process in physical education to prepare for the delivery of benchmarking, the lack of a clear direction for the organization of mental activity, increasing spiritual and moral development led to a reduced interest in physical training, formalizing their organization and conduct.
Orientation to the essence of physical culture as a multivariable phenomenon will radically change the attitude of the teachers and students. It is enough to analyze the views and ideas of great thinkers of the past and present, its role in the education of the person. Thus, P.F. Lesgaft pointed artistic, intellectual aspect of personality in physical exercise in the course of mental operations on the analysis, comparison and generalization to complete a variety of motor actions and results. This causes the formation of cognitive skills to perform actions during any activity. The spiritual aspect of physical activity is implemented in designs and modeling activities aimed at achieving a certain level of moral and volitional, and moral qualities.
Improving the biological nature of human beings by means of physical training provides easy orientation of the individual gains indicators of physical qualities, and the qualitative change of motor capabilities achieved by improving the performance of muscle strength, speed, endurance, agility, accuracy, balance, and other parameters by which he began to show higher rates in different types of motor activity. At the same time, which is very important is regular improvement in physical and functional status, opportunities more effectively manage the psycho-emotional state.
The extended positions were tested in the educational experiment involving 148 1-2-year technical college students (aged 17-19). Two groups were organized: control group (CG) 72 subjects and experimental (EG) 76 subjects. Before the beginning of the experiments were tested in order to determine a baseline of physical fitness exercises using test: 3x11 shuttle run (s), 60m race (s), standing long jump seats (cm), throw medicine ball weighing 1 kg (cm) right and left hand, pulling up on the bar of Vis (number of times), bending forward, standing on a gym bench (cm). The analysis of initial results showed no significant differences in the level of physical fitness of students CG and EG (p<0.05). Moreover, some of the experiments the ratio of participants to the physical training for the following: Active, mental and physical activity, the quality of physical exercise with regard to their technical complexity, the dosage, the desire for a clear assimilation given motor acts, a responsibility, and creativity with self operation.
In CG training sessions were conducted by the standard technique in accordance with the state program of physical training, recommended by the Ministry of Education. EG used in our developed method, the content of which is aimed at providing a holistic effect on the body through a set of educational, developmental, and educational problems that contribute to:
- Activation of mental processes, to improve perception, attention, memory, thinking and analytical skills;
- Increase in the index of motor-coordination qualities: muscle strength, speed, endurance, agility, and others;
- The formation of moral and volitional and moral personality traits: independence, responsibility, creativity, perseverance, dedication, hard work, etc.;
- Assimilation of management skills of psycho-emotional standing.
Applicable training and education in the EEG was developed on the basis of ideas and innovation, effectiveness has been determined advanced psychological and educational practice [2, 3].
I - implementation of a student-centered approach that seeks to address the needs, interests and needs of the individual, creating conditions for self-development, self-knowledge and self-actualization, for the inclusion of the student in an active mental and motor activity through a system of questions: What types of exercise do you prefer and why? Which direction and content of the physical training would be most attractive to you? What motor-coordination qualities are necessary for the assimilation of technology specified motor actions? What role does perception, attention and other mental properties of a person for qualitative performance of technically complex exercise? Does the speed of the motor act of assimilation degree of development of perseverance, will power, hard work, commitment, and other moral and volitional qualities? What factors determine the mental state of the student to the physical training?
II - the use of the activity approach is based on the idea, claiming that the active development of the individual is in the process of its activities in the formulation and implementation of affordable, attractive, challenging tasks, providing the possibility of self-selection of appropriate tools and techniques (the necessary knowledge, creating a clear image of the motor task with indication of its space-power and space-time parameters, the system prompts accurate, error analysis, providing pedagogical conditions for the successful mastery of complex motor acts.
III - the idea of enabling self-selection methods, types and forms of motor actions on the basis of their variability. The practical realization of this idea on the physical training in the EG was the following. Before the student puts a specific task, such as three weeks to improve the result of the long jump with a running start at 5 - 10 cm. Students need to be self-identify:
- Indicators of public-motor coordination qualities he needs to improve, to find the most effective exercise for the development of speed, muscle strength, etc.;
- Select the optimal dose, to establish the place, time and form of additional training (in the classroom as an active rest), and during extra-curricular activities is independent of the educational process;
- To identify the most effective preparatory and exercised; condition results; to control the dynamics of performance indicators, motor tasks.
After the end of the experiments have been re-testing the level of physical fitness of students of CG and EG, using the same control exercises. Analysis of the data showed that the results have improved in both groups: CG and EG, however, EG their growth was more significant. If the number of pull-ups in the CG on the bar increased by 6.1% (p>0.05), in EG, respectively, by 24.6% (p<0.05) indicators throw medicine ball (1 kg) of the right hand in the CG increased by 6.9% (p>0.05) in EG, respectively, by 18.9% (p<0.05) in the CG throw medicine ball has improved by 5.6% (p>0, 05) in EG, respectively, by 16.3% (p <0.05) in the CG results the long jump with space increased by 7.9% (p>0.05) in EG, respectively, at 29,4% (p<0.05).Significant changes were found in the nature of students' attitudes CG and EG in physical education as an academic discipline. If the CG attendance remained practically at the same level, then stopped in the EG passes without good cause, has significantly decreased absenteeism due to illness. In addition, students EG increasingly behaved during the process: significantly increased the number of questions selected for the exercise of independent performance in his spare time, the mechanism of their effects on the body; consistency; identify routes of administration.
During training sessions considerably increased mental and motor activity; no pause when changing types of exercise, engaged in every spare moment tried to use the self-paced exercise, providing an increase in muscle strength, speed, endurance, agility, balance, flexibility, and other motor-coordination qualities, actively participated in the analysis of various motor actions they assumed attempt to summarize my own experience of motor activity, showed an interest in literature.
As follows from the results of the educational experiment, the learning process in students' physical education is to be considered as an essential structural component of the system of higher vocational training. The stable need for regular exercising is formed by the use of special technique of education and training, based on realization of the personality-centered approach, in view of students' requirements, interests and demands, providing opportunities for self-knowledge, self-development and self-actualization, active approach to promote the use of mental and motor capacity, and the development and improvement of moral and volitional and moral values, the ideas represent the possibility of independent choices of motor actions and how they perform.
The worked technique of formation of the need for regular use of means of physical culture to introduce to world cultural values was proved perspective and effective.
References
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