PhD, Associate Professor V.V. Apokin¹
PhD, Associate Professor V.S. Pavlovskaya¹
Dr.Hab., Professor V.D. Povzun^1
1Surgut State University, Surgut

Objective of the study was to assess changes in the adaptive and functional capabilities of highly-skilled athletes at latitudinal displacement.
Methods and structure of the study. We evaluated the functional state of the cardiovascular system in the male swimmers of the same age group qualified not lower than Masters of Sport right after the flight through several time zones and three weeks after their stay outside their customary time zone. Their response to the exercise experienced was evaluated based on the selected indicators and indices that reflect the state of both adaptive capabilities and functional capacity of the cardiovascular system.
Results of the study and conclusions. The analysis of the dynamics of changes in the hemodynamic indices revealed that, on the one hand, the displacement of the central regulatory mechanisms in the examined group was adequate enough to optimize the functional reserves, while the current vegetative status contributed to the economization of energy resource, thus shifting the hemodynamic load towards the vascular bed. This means that the regulatory adjustments in this group were optimal.
It should be noted, however, that the athletes' functional reserve was somewhat constrained by the low values of the maximum aerobic capacity, which were not associated with the central regulatory mechanisms. This was not due to the time offset, as during the flight, there were no significant changes in the characteristics of the biological rhythm, and therefore in the adaptive capabilities. The most probable reason was exercise, which can lead to a state known as overtraining. It is impossible to avoid exercise, so this fact should be taken into account when organizing the training process and dosing the training loads.

Keywords: functional capacity, cardiovascular system, adaptive capabilities, exercise, flight.

References

1. Apokin V.V., Povzun A.A., Povzun V.D., Usaeva N.R. Osobennosti srochnoy adaptatsii serdechno-sosudistoy sistemy u sportsmenov legkoatletov pri shirotnom peremeshchenii [Specifics of urgent adaptation of cardiovascular system in athletes at latitudinal displacement]. Teoriya i praktika fiz. kultury. 2015. No. 12. pp. 81-83.
2. Apokin V.V., Povzun A.A., Povzun V.D. Gemodinamicheskie osobennosti adaptatsii k fizicheskim nagruzkam sportsmenok raznykh vozrastnykh grupp [Hemodynamic features of adaptation to physical loads in female athletes of different age groups]. Teoriya i praktika fiz. Kultury, 2019. No. 12. pp. 35-37.
3. Povzun A.A., Apokin V.V. Izmenenie struktury bioritmov pri dlitelnykh pereletakh u sportsmenov plovtsov vysokoy kvalifikatsii [Changes in biorhythm structure of elite swimmers at long flights].
4. Teoriya i praktika fiz. kultury. 2012. No. 5. pp. 90-93.
5. Povzun A.A., Apokin V.V., Rodionov V.A Sravnitelny analiz izmeneniya struktury bioritmov u sportsmenov plovtsov raznogo pola pri dlitel'nykh pereletakh [Comparative analysis of changes in the biorhythm structure in male and female swimmers at long flights]. Teoriya i praktika fiz. kultury, 2012, no. 10, pp. 89-92.