Dr.Biol., Professor A.Kh. Talibov¹
PhD, Associate Professor V.A. Kuvanov²
Ya.A. Kuvanov^2
1Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health, St. Petersburg
²Saint-Petersburg Mining University, Saint-Petersburg

Objective of the study was to identify changes in athletes’ cardiovascular system parameters under the influence of physical loads and identify the peculiarities of the state of adaptation mechanisms.
Methods and structure of the study. The study involved 165 highly skilled athletes involved in regular weightlifting practices. The testing included echocardiography using "Acuson-Sequoia" device in M-mode. We determined the dimensions of the left ventricle, as well as stroke volume and circumferential fiber shortening velocity.
Results of the study and conclusions. It was found that the training loads of preparatory stage, focused on the comprehensive development of physical fitness, cause a statistically significant (p<0.05) increase in the stroke volume of the left ventricle - by 35%. The circumferential fiber shortening velocity of the left ventricle was 30%. The data indicate a good level of adaptation of cardiovascular system to the applied training loads. It was also revealed that the stroke volume of the left ventricle and circumferential fiber shortening velocity of the left ventricle are the most informative indicators that reflect the performance and functional state of cardiovascular system under significant physical loads. An increase in the stroke volume of the left ventricle is a favorable factor in the cardiac activity. In the competitive period, a decrease in the volume and an increase in the intensity of training loads were accompanied by the stabilization of the central hemodynamic indices. This level of functioning of the cardiovascular system was maintained throughout the entire competitive period with an increase in the left ventricular ejection fraction by 33%, and the velocity of diastolic flow through the mitral valve - by 35%.
The studies showed significant variations in the exercise performance process associated with the weightlifters’ individual characteristics, which requires an individual approach to the contents and methods of training of athletes of various weight categories.

Keywords: blood circulation, weightlifters, echocardiography, cardiovascular system, physical loads.

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