PhD, Professor Yu.V. Boltikov¹
PhD, Professor O.B. Solomakhin¹
Dr.Hab., Associate Professor I.E. Konovalov^1
1Volga Region State Academy of Physical Culture, Sports and Tourism, Kazan

 

Keywords: Greco-Roman wrestlers, technical and tactical training, sport qualifications, technical categories, competitive performance.

 

Background. A high priority in every effort to improve the modern wrestling training process efficiency is given to a group social status of every athlete as one of the key criteria for the natural unforced screening. That is the reason why the individual physical, sporting and social progress in the same-age groups needs to be rated to have the training systems timely customized to the individual predispositions and capacities [2].

As acknowledged by many sport experts, the so-called ‘fighters’ are often reluctant to advance their technical skills as they tend to pin their hopes on a few techniques that have proved successful in competitions. Normally the range of these preferred techniques is limited enough due to the natural time limitations of the training systems [4]. Generally the coaching teams give a special priority to the range of wrestling techniques being expanded at the beginner (up to the first two years) training stage to secure reasonable technical versatility [5].

As far as the aggressive and stress-tolerant ‘accelerates’ are concerned, the sport qualification and motivation system often fails to secure their progress and versatility since they are mostly driven by the age-specific self-assertion agenda that, as soon as relatively satisfied, gives no motivations for their further progress in sports. There is also a group of provisionally ‘retarded’ athletes that may not be necessarily unsuccessful in the long run [3]. It should also be noted that the efforts to retain athletes in the sport groups by focusing on the technical skills and sport qualifications may favor some individuals but still fail to secure the group progress on the whole.

Therefore, new training systems are required to motivate some of the trainees for the technical and tactical progress and others for competitive accomplishments, and at the same time they should keep a reasonable balance of the ‘fighters and ‘enthusiasts’ interests in the training priorities.

Objective of the study was to offer a motivation-and-compulsion training system for the technical and tactical progress of Greco-Roman wrestlers.

Methods and structure of the study. The study was performed at ‘Vityaz’ Children and Youth Sport School (CYSS) in Naberezhnye Chelny. Subject to the study were junior Greco-Roman wrestlers of the CYSS split up into two Experimental and two Reference Groups (EG1, EG2, RG1 and RG2) of 26 people each. The Reference Groups were trained as required by the standard CYSS program; and the Experimental Groups were trained as required by the A.S. Kuznetsov’s frame technical skills building program supported by a motivation-and-compulsion system.

The technical progress facilitating motivation-and-compulsion system implies a harmonious combination of competitive and technical standards for excellence in the training process with a sport qualification with technical categorizing harmonizing procedure: see Table 1 [1].

 

Table 1. Sport qualifications with technical categories harmonizing procedure

 

The sport qualification with technical category harmonizing procedure implies the following. A trainee may qualify for the next technical category only when he has the one-step-lower sport qualification. A higher sport qualification may in its turn be allowed when the candidate has qualified for the one-step-lower technical category.

Benefits of the progress facilitating motivation-and-compulsion system have been tested for 4 years by the following test criteria: technical skills versatility (TSV); activity rate (AR); action success (quantitative) rate (ASR); action efficiency (qualitative) rate (AER); and scoring rate (SR).

Study findings and discussion. The beginner (pre-first-year) tests showed the Experimental and Reference Groups being virtually the same in their physical fitness rates, i.e. homogenous.

The post-experimental tests were run in actual competitions to rate the elementary technical skills and obtain the group average technical skills versatility (TSV) rates. The test rates were separate for the standing and ground wrestling skills, with 14 and 22 skills rated in the both categories. The tests showed the technical quality and versatility in the EG versus RG being 3.4 and 3.1 times higher in the standing and ground fights, respectively.

Subject to the pre-second-year tests were only 20 RG trainees (38.4%) and 36 EG trainees (69.2%) due to the natural outflow. The RG versus EG competitions were organized during the year to test both of the groups, with outside teams allowed to compete. Every group wrestler had 8 bouts for the period, with 420 bouts run in total. The RG versus EG competitive performance test rates were the following: activity rate (AR) of 0.24 vs. 0.28 (р>0.05); action efficiency (qualitative) rate (AER) of 0.51 vs. 0.53 (р>0.05); action success (quantitative) rate (ASR) of 0.20 vs. 0.22 (р>0.05); and scoring rate (SR) of 0.51 vs. 0.53 (р>0.05), respectively – that means that the intergroup differences were statistically insignificant.

Only 14 RG trainees (28.8%) and 29 EG trainees (55.7%) were subject to the pre-third-year tests due to further outflow. The RG and EG competed for the progress test purposes with the outside teams allowed to join during the year. Every group wrestler had 8 bouts a year, with 380 bouts in total. The RG versus EG competitive performance test rates were the following: activity rate (AR) of 0.21 vs. 0.23 (р>0.05); action efficiency (qualitative) rate (AER) of 0.51 vs. 0.54 (р>0.05); action success (quantitative) rate (ASR) of 0.21 vs. 0.23 (р>0.05); and scoring rate (SR) of 0.50 vs. 0.54 (р>0.05), respectively – that means that the intergroup differences were still statistically insignificant.

Only 8 RG trainees (15.3%) and 22 EG trainees (46.1%) were subject to the pre-fourth-year tests due to further outflow. Every group wrestler had 12 bouts a year, with 372 bouts run in total. The RG versus EG competitive performance test rates were the following: total tactical activity rate (TTAR) of 0.25 vs. 0.52 (р<0.01); activity rate (AR) of 0.21 vs. 0.23 (р>0.05); action efficiency (qualitative) rate (AER) of 0.51 vs. 0.55 (р<0.05); action success (quantitative) rate (ASR) of 0.22 vs. 0.24 (р<0.05); and scoring rate (SR) of 0.50 vs. 0.54 (р<0.05), respectively – that means that the intergroup differences were rated statistically significant.

Therefore, the comparative EG versus RG technical and tactical progress tests showed benefits of the progress facilitating motivation-and-compulsion system supported by the sport qualification with technical category harmonizing procedure – as verified by the significant progress (р<0.05) of the Experimental Groups by the fourth year of trainings.

Conclusion. The progress facilitating motivation-and-compulsion system was found beneficial for the Greco-Roman wrestlers’ educational and training process as verified by the EG progress in the competitive technical skills versatility, technical and tactical skills rates and competitive success rates.

 

References

1. Boltikov Yu.V. Vliyanie motivatsionnykh faktorov na rezultativnost uchebno-trenirovochnoy raboty v sektsiyakh sportivnoy borby. Dis. kand. ped. nauk [Influence of motivational factors on effectiveness of training in wrestling clubs. PhD diss.]. Naberezhnye Chelny, 2002, 136 p.

2. Greko-rimskaya borba. Uchebnik dlya SDYuSShOR, sportivnykh fakultetov pedagogicheskikh institutov, tehnikumov fizicheskoy kultury i uchilisch olimpiyskogo rezerva. Seriya: ‘Obrazovatelnye tekhnologii v massovom i olimpiyskom sporte’ [Greco-Roman wrestling. Textbook for SCYSSOR, sports faculties of pedagogical institutes, technical schools of physical education and Olympic reserve schools. Series: ‘Educational technologies in mass and Olympic sports’]. Rostov-on/D: Fenix publ., 2004, 800 p.

3. Mavleev F.A., Akhatov A.M., Boltikov Yu.V. et al. Osobennosti pokazateley sostava tela i krovoobrascheniya u bortsov [Features of body composition and circulatory indices in wrestlers]. Uchenye zapiski un-ta im. P.F. Lesgafta, 2015, no. 12 (130), pp.127-131.

4. Mutaeva I.Sh., Boltikov Yu.V. , Konovalov I.E. Vliyanie zanyatiy borboy dzyudo na deyatelnost serdtsa malchikov 10-12 let [Influence of judo practices on cardiac activity of 10-12 year old boys]. Naberezhnye Chelny: KamSAPCST publ., 2009, 144 p.

5. Solomakhin O.B., Boltikov Yu.V., Akhmetshina E.I. Deyatelnostny podkhod v professionalnoy podgotovke trenera-prepodavatelya [Activity approach in professional training of trainer-instructor]. Pedagogiko-psikhologicheskie i mediko-biologicheskie problemy fizicheskoy kultury i sporta, 2008, no. 4 (9), pp. 78-84.

 

Corresponding author: igko2006@mail.ru

 

Abstract

The study considers the high priority problem of the technical and tactical skills building in modern Greco-Roman wrestling. The study was performed at ‘Vityaz’ Children and Youth Sport School (CYSS) in Naberezhnye Chelny. Subject to the study were junior Greco-Roman wrestlers split up into two Experimental and two Reference Groups (EG1, EG2, RG1 and RG2) of 26 people each. The Reference Groups were trained as required by the standard CYSS program; and the Experimental Groups were trained as required by the A.S. Kuznetsov’s frame technical skills building program supported by a motivation-and-compulsion system. The technical progress facilitating motivation-and-compulsion system of the authors’ design implies a harmonious combination of competitive and technical standards for excellence in the training process with due sport qualification and technical categorizing process. Benefits of the motivation-and-compulsion system have been tested for 4 years by the following test criteria: technical skills versatility; activity rate; action success (quantitative) rate; action efficiency (qualitative) rate; and scoring rate. It should be noted that the Experimental and Reference Groups were virtually the same in the physical fitness rates prior to the experiment. After the first, second and third years of the model piloting experiment, the groups showed progress in every test rate, with the statistically significant intergroup differences. In the fourth year of the experiment, the groups still showed progress in every test rate, with the Experimental Group demonstrating significant advantages in the tests. Therefore, the motivation-and-compulsion system was found beneficial for the Greco-Roman wrestlers’ educational and training process as verified by the EG progress in the competitive technical skills versatility, technical and tactical skills rates and competitive success rates.