PhD, Associate Professor E.V. Kudryashov
Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perm

Keywords: characteristics, physical qualities, fitness level, female basketball players, mass categories.

Introduction. Various spheres of human life are undergoing big changes in the process of development of human society. To date, reforms have affected both practical activities in sports and scientific support of physical culture. High competition between the world's leaders in international sports competitions constantly requires new developments to be introduced in the athletic training process. Management of competitive activity requires continuous systematic regulation of the volume and intensity of physical loads, using various recovery means, high-quality nutrition and many other components of a complex sports system [2; 3-4].

It is a well-known fact that athletes’ successful performance in competitions is defined by various aspects; adequate special physical fitness level among them [1]. There is much tension around this issue in modern basketball, in particular, which is due to increased demands on the athletes’ functional potential: increase in the speed of movements, playing the contact game at a much tougher level, selection of tall, strong athletes. Under these circumstances, only in case of sufficient physical fitness level one can form a high-quality foundation for further building of a technically competent, tactically prepared, functionally stable athlete who can achieve maximal success in sports. The stated above helped choose the topic for our research [1-2].

Objective of the study was to determine the indices of physical fitness of female basketball players of mass ranks.

Methods and structure of the study. The research methods involved were as follows: analysis of the scientific and methodological and special literature, generalization of the best practices and experience in basketball, polydynamometry, testing, mathematical statistics methods. Subject to the study were 177 female basketball players of different sport qualifications – from the III to the I sports category.

Results and discussion. For the purpose of the study we examined the female basketball players’ physical fitness level. The level of development of their speed and coordination abilities was determined using the following tests: 20 m sprint from standing start, 2х9 m slalom, 4-fold slalom. In addition, the female athletes were subjected to the test as follows: the player was to successively move to each of the seven marks (indicated by the medicine balls) starting from the middle of the basketball court baseline, touch the line with her hand and return to the starting position - the time was recorded using a stopwatch. In special literature this control test is called "shuttle run". The level of development of the female basketball players’ speed-strength qualities was assessed using the medicine ball throwing test: 1 kg medicine ball was thrown overhead with both hands from the sitting and squat positions. "Standing high jump" was also used in testing. The results were assessed with the help of Abalakov’s test. The best result of three attempts was registered (Table 1) [2].

Table 1. Physical fitness indices of female basketball players of mass ranks

The test results presented in Table 1 indicate a tendency towards increase of the speed, speed and strength, relative strength indices in various muscle groups of female athletes.

Conclusion. The research findings can be used by CYSS coaches and school teachers as a guide to the level of special physical fitness when organizing the process of training of female basketball players of mass ranks.

References

1. Koryagin V.M. Aktualnye problemy fizicheskoy i tekhnicheskoy podgotovki basketbolistok vysokoy kvalifikatsii v protsesse mnogoletney trenirovki [Actual problems of physical and technical training of highly-skilled female basketball players in long-term training process]. Fizicheskoe vospitanie studentov tvorcheskikh spetsialnostey, 2001, no. 5, pp. 6-13.
2. Kudryashov E.V. Modelirovanie silovoy podgotovlennosti sportsmenok v basketbole i futzale [Modeling of strength abilities in women's basketball and futsal]. Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kultury, 2016, no. 1.
3. Matveyev L.P. Osnovy obschey teorii sporta i sistemy podgotovki sportsmenov. [Fundamentals of general theory of sports and athletic training system]. Kiev: Olimpiyskaya literatura publ., 1999, 318 p.
4. Platonov V.N. Sistema podgotovki sportsmenov v olimpiyskom sporte. Obschaya teoriya i ee prakticheskie prilozheniya [Olympic athletic training system. General theory and its practical applications]. Kiev: Olimpiyskaya literatura publ., 2004, 808 p.

Corresponding author: fizkult@teoriya.ru

Abstract

In modern sports games, successful team performance result in big competitions depends on a variety of factors that can significantly affect the outcome of the event, including level of athlete's physical abilities, technical skill variability indicators, tactical thinking capabilities of both an individual player, and the whole team and many other aspects related to the process of training and participation in the competition. All these components of the long-term athletic training process require the attention of specialists who have a whole range of all-round knowledge. And the higher the coach’s level of professional competency, the more likely it is to achieve a positive result in the conditions of a real competitive struggle between competing teams. One of the crucial components of athlete’s overall fitness level is the level of development of special physical qualities, as a base for formation of an integral indicator of athlete's fitness for the match. Knowing the athlete’s level of physical fitness, the coach can make the necessary adjustments to the training process, taking into account the characteristics of the team and the individuality of specific athletes. Continuous monitoring and management of the athlete’s formation process are an integral part of the athletic training process. This aspect is especially clearly seen today in basketball. The given research is devoted to the study of the above-mentioned questions. In the article one can find the results of an experimental study to determine the physical fitness indices of female basketball players of mass ranks. Recommendations on the practical application of these parameters in training and competitive activities are given in the paper.