Associate professor, PhD O.S. Krasnikova¹
Associate professor, PhD L.G. Pashchenko^1
1Nizhnevartovsk State University, Nizhnevartovsk

Keywords: girls, motor activity, morphological indices, functional indicators, body component composition.

Introduction. We understand motor activity as a combination of various motor actions performed in everyday life as part of a specially organized or independent physical and sport activity. Optimal motor activity is meant to compensate for the energy inputs and facilitate the personality development process.

The quantitative assessment of female students’ motor activity and its qualitative content are currently raising questions among specialists. According to the World Health Organization, the volume of physical activity should equal 2.5 to 5 hours per week and involve mandatory aerobic exercise with an average intensity of at least 150 minutes [7]. E.D. Minibaeva and A.G. Vasilyeva consider the amount of motor load of at least 6-8 hours per week to be sufficient [4]. T.V. Ivanovskaya notes that compulsory Physical Education classes conducted at the university provide students with only 35-50% of the optimal average daily volume of motor activity [2]. In their report, the members of the working group of the Presidential Council of the Russian Federation on the development of physical culture and sport [1] stated the need of 11-hour weekly volume of motor activity of students. The absence of the unified requirements for the parameters of students’ motor activity requires additional studies in this field.

Objective of the study was to determine the morphofunctional indices in female university students with different levels of motor activity.

Methods and structure of the study. The study involved the 1st-3rd-year students of FSBEI HE Nizhnevartovsk State University (n=195) including: sporting females with a sports category not lower than I senior degree (n=22) – Group 1; female students who, besides the compulsory Physical Education classes, were engaged in a certain kind of specially organized or independent recreational physical activity, with the average or above average health level (n=29) – Group 2, and with the below average or low health level (n=20) – Group 3; females, whose motor mode was limited to the compulsory Physical Education classes (n=124) – Group 4. All subjects were assigned to the main health group due to health conditions. In terms of personality-centered physical education, they were engaged in volleyball, basketball, artistic gymnastics, swimming, aerobics, dancing, gymnastics, and table tennis.

The morphological and functional indicators were analyzed using the standard methodology. The component composition of the body was studied using the analytical method of determination of the amount of fat, bone and muscle tissues. The external respiration system functionality was tested by the microprocessor-based spirometer SMP-21/01-R-D. Health level was determined by G.L. Apanasenko’s health rating method. The results of the study were processed using the mathematical statistics methods.

Results and discussion. The earlier questionnaire survey revealed the differences in the display of motives of students with different levels of motor activity and the presence of more pronounced motivation for physical training and sports practices among girls additionally engaged in recreational physical activity [5, 6].

The female students of Nizhnevartovsk State University, participating in the study, did not differ by their morphological and somatotypological characteristics from their peers living in other regions of Russia [3]. The differentiated analysis of the morphological indices of the female university students with different modes of weekly motor activity showed no statistically significant differences in height (Table 1).

Table 1. Morphological indices in females with different volume of motor activity (М±m)

The weight of the girls from Group 2 did not differ from that of the female student-athletes and was significantly lower than that of their peers from Group 3 (t = -2.94, p<0.01), the weight of the girls from Group 3, in turn, was significantly higher than that of the female students from Group 4 (t = 2.02, p<0.05). Kettle body-weight index in the female student-athletes did not differ from that in the other three groups. While in Group 2, Quetelet index was significantly lower than in Groups 3 (t = -3.06, p<0.01) and 4 (t = -2.08, p<0.05). And in the girls with the low health level, who were additionally engaged in health-improving physical culture, the Quetelet index values were higher than those in their peers with limited motor activity (t = 2.14, p<0.05).

The right and left hand strength index in the female students of Group 3 was significantly lower than in the girls from Groups 1 (p<0.01) and 2 (p <0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the values obtained in Groups 1 and 2, as well as in Groups 2 and 4.

Тable 2. Component composition of body of girls with different volume of motor activity

The analysis of the body component composition (Table 2) has not revealed any differences in the muscle component in the female students from Groups 1 and 2. At the same time, the muscle mass of the girls from Group 1 was significantly higher than in Groups 3 (p<0.001) and 4 (p<0.05). The girls of the 2nd group had higher muscle mass values as compared to their peers from the 3rd group (p<0.001) and those not engaged in additional physical activity (p<0.05). Herewith, the amount of muscle tissue in the girls with increased volume of motor activity, but low health indicators, was significantly lower than in the girls with limited motor activity (p<0.05). The quantitative measure of the fat component of the Group 3 girls was significantly higher than that in their peers from Groups 1 (t = 3.35, p<0.001), 2 (t = 4.66, p<0.001) and 4 (t = 3.43, p<0.001). The lowest values of muscle tissue were found in the girls with increased volume of motor activity and high health indices. The differences in the bone component values were detected only between the 2nd and 3rd groups and 3rd and 4th groups (p<0.05).

No statistically significant differences were found in the study groups in terms of blood pressure either (Table 3). Whereas the heart rate values of the female student-athletes and those with the extended motor mode (without significant differences between them) differed from those registered in Groups 3 and 4 at the significance of differences p<0.01, with the assumption that in the last two groups the heart rate values were similar, too.

Table 3. Functional indicators in girls with different volume of motor activity

When analyzing the respiratory system functionality in terms of VC, it turned out that the female student-athletes had significantly higher useful lung capacity compared to the girls from Group 3 (t = 2.39, p<0.05). The girls of the other groups did not differ essentially from each other in terms of this parameter. Forced expiratory volume in 1 sec did not show any significant differences between the results of all four groups (p>0.05).

Conclusion. The best physical health indicators were found in the female students - qualified athletes, as well as in their peers, who were engaged in a certain kind of recreational physical activity in addition to the compulsory Physical Education classes.

Low rates were registered in the female students with the low health level, whose motor mode was expanded by some kind of recreational physical activity. Moreover, owing to high self-improvement and health improvement motivation of the latter, scientifically grounded methodological approaches to selection of the kind and mode of motor activity and its content need to be developed and implemented. To improve the morphofunctional indicators of the female students, whose weekly motor mode is limited to the compulsory Physical Education classes, it is necessary to choose such means and methods of physical education that would make it possible not only to achieve a health-improving effect, but also increase students’ motivation for expanding their own motor activity.

References

1. Doklad o razvitii massovogo sporta i fizicheskogo vospitaniya naseleniya (mart 2014) [Report on development of mass sports and physical education of the population (March 2014)]. 2014, 182 p.
2. Ivanovskaya T.V. Optimizatsiya uchebnogo protsessa v institute fizicheskoy kultury na osnove monitoringa sostoyaniya zdorovya, funktsionalnogo i fizicheskogo statusa studentov. Avtoref. dis. kand. ped. nauk [Optimization of educational process in physical culture institute based on monitoring of students' health, functional and physical statuses. PhD diss. abstract]. Rostov-on-Don, 2003, 27 p.
3. Korichko A.V., Pashchenko L.G., Pogonysheva I.A. Somatotipologicheskaya kharakteristika devushek Khanty-Mansiyskogo avtonomnogo okruga – Yugry [Somatotypological characteristics of girls of Khanty­Mansi Autonomous District ­ Yugra]. Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kultury, 2015, no. 12, pp. 40-42.
4. Minibaeva E.D., Vasilyeva A.G. Razrabotka metodiki opredeleniya i otsenki sformirovannosti urovnya dvigatelnoy aktivnosti studenta tekhnicheskogo vuza [Development of motor activity estimation and evaluation methods in technical university students]. Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovaniya, 2014, no. 3, pp. 239-246.
5. Pashchenko L.G. Motivy zanyatiy fizkulturno-ozdorovitelnoy deyatelnostyu u lits yunosheskogo i zrelogo vozrasta v sravnitelnom aspekte [Motives for sports and health activities in adolescents and seniors: comparative aspect]. Vestnik Nizhnevartovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2016, no. 4, pp.78-83.
6. Pashchenko L.G. Proyavlenie motivov zanyatiy fizicheskoy kulturoy i sportom u studentov vuza s razlichnoy dvigatelnoy aktivnostyu [Display of motives for physical training and sports in university students with different motor activity]. Sovremennye nauchnye issledovaniya i innovatsii. 2016. no. 5 (61), pp. 355-359.
7. Global recommendations on physical activity for Health Organization, 2010. 60 p.

Corresponding author: lenanv2008@yandex.ru

Abstract

The article presents the results of a study of morphofunctional indicators in female university students with different weekly volume of motor activity. The girls were divided into four groups: 1 – female student-athletes, 2 – female students with the average or above average health level, engaged in a certain kind of recreational physical activity, 3 – female students with the below average and low health level, who were also engaged in the extra-curricular recreational physical activity, 4 – female students, whose motor mode was limited to the curricular Physical Education classes.

The study found the best physical health indicators in qualified female student-athletes and their peers, who were engaged in a certain kind of recreational physical activity in addition to the compulsory Physical Education classes.

The detected differences in the studied indicators stipulate a differentiated approach to the organization and maintenance of the compulsory curricular and extra-curricular forms of physical education of female university students.