Associate Professor, PhD E.T. Kolunin
Tyumen State University, Tyumen

Keywords: conversion, gymnastic practices, physical training, physical abilities, sport reserve, team game sports.

Introduction. Competitiveness of Russian national teams in team sports in international competitions has recently reduced. In this regard, planning of the training process, selection of the most effective tools and methods of sport reserve physical training are becoming more and more relevant [4 ,6].

Modern team game sports are characterized by fast movements of players and sports equipment; instantaneous changes in game situations, high intensity of the competition make it significantly more difficult to carry out technical and tactical actions, complex as they are. Experts note that substantial reserves of athletes’ skills growth lie in increasing the speed of carrying out the techniques by improving the physical training process of the players [1, 7, 9, 10].

At the same time there is a tendency of health deterioration with regards to not only the population but also sport reserve in our country. Statistics show numerous sports injuries and deformations of the musculoskeletal system in beginner athletes [2, 3, 8].

It should be noted that gymnastics has a historically developed set of specific tools and methods of harmonious physical education. Gymnastic exercises differ from other types of exercises in that most of them are specifically designed for a focused and effective impact on individual organs and systems of the body.

Objective of the research was to obtain experimental data to rate benefits of the sport reserve physical training system in the team game sports based on a set of converted gymnastic practices.

Methods and structure of the study. We used the tests recommended by the sample curriculum for sports schools as well as state requirements to physical fitness level of the population when passing the tests of the All-Russian physical culture and sport “Ready for Labor and Defence” complex in order to assess fitness level of athletes. The study was conducted from September 2015 to May 2016 at the premises of Youth Sports School “Rubin” and Sport Reserve Training Center of “Tyumen” football club, Tyumen. Subject to the study were four groups of boys born in 2007 trained in football (55 people) and ice hockey (56 people) second-year preparatory groups. All the athletes were divided into four groups: two study groups – SG1 and SG2 – trained by the proposed methods using tools and techniques of gymnastics and two reference ones – RG1 and RG2 – trained in accordance with the standard curriculum. SG1 consisted of football players (28), SG2 – of hockey players (24), RG1 – of football players (27) and RG2 – of hockey players (32). 

Results and discussion. Conversion of gymnastic practices into other sports is understood as a series of consecutive actions aimed at the use of relevant gymnastic exercises and techniques specifically focused on physical training of subjects in the training curriculum of athletes, prevention of deformations of the musculoskeletal system as well as elimination of sports skills growth barriers with the specificity of individual sports and model characteristics of top athletes taken into account [5].

Table 1. Gymnastic practices most often used for the development of physical abilities of SG1 and SG2 athletes

Thirty-five percent of the total volume of practices used during the training process of study groups of athletes were taken up by gymnastic exercises. The training sessions aimed at physical abilities development, core muscles strengthening, correct posture formation and subjects’ health improvement (Table 1).

Gymnastic exercises were used in each training session, during the warming up and final parts, and once a week the athletes had a session of gymnastics in a specially equipped hall under the guidance of an artistic gymnastics coach.

Analysis of fitness tests results dynamics of athletes 8-9 years old (Table 2) showed that the fitness levels of the athletes from study groups significantly improved during the educational experiment according to the results of all the tests (р<0.05).

In our opinion, the fitness level improvement is accounted for by the conversion of gymnastic practices into the training process of the athletes from the study groups. The largest increase in their results was observed in the following exercises that have a pronounced gymnastics nature: chin-ups – 179.3% in football players and 105.8% in hockey players, bending from a standing position – 166.6% in football players and 143.6% in hockey players. Comparing the obtained results with the model characteristics of athletes playing team sports we found that by the end of the experiment the number of players with physical abilities developed at the level above average and higher in study groups has increased in comparison with the beginning of the educational experiment. 

Table 2. Fitness dynamics of children aged 8-9 years engaged in team game sports, М±m

At the same time there was a slight increase in the fitness level test results in the reference groups during the experiment. In particular, significant positive changes were found only in two test exercises in RG2: dip-ups and torso lifting within 60 seconds. Results of individual exercises in the final testing were worse than at the beginning of the experiment. For example, RG1 mean group result in chin-ups test worsened by 19%, and in bending from a standing position test in RG2 – by 18%. Reference groups’ results as well as results of the training process observations reveal violations in the training process planning for athletes aged 8-9 years associated with a shift in focus from body conditioning to technical, tactical and specialized ones as well as with an irrational choice of means and methods of physical abilities development.

Thus, by the end of the educational experiment the SG athletes were superior to their RG peers in all the studied parameters (р<0.05), indicating rational planning of the training process in the study groups and efficiency of the proposed converted gymnastic practices in the training process. 

Conclusions:

1. SG athletes were superior to their RG peers in all the studied parameters by the end of the educational experiment (р<0.05).

2. Converted gymnastic practices are effective at the stage of initial training in team game sports, as evidenced by the results of the study. 

References

1. Bal'sevich V.K. Ontokineziologiya cheloveka (Human Ontokineziology) / V.K. Bal'sevich. Moscow: Teoriya i praktika fiz. kul'tury i sporta, 2000.– 275 p.
2. Zav'yalova T. P. Problemy i perspektivy fizicheskogo vospitaniya doshkol'nikov goroda Tyumeni (Problems and perspectives of preschool physical education in Tyumen) / T.P. Zav'yalova, I.V. Starodubtseva, A.S. Yakovlev // Teoriya i praktika fiz. kultury. – 2013. – # 12. – P. 17-21.
3. Zagvyazinskiy V.I. Vozmozhno li v Rossii zdorov'eformiruyushchee obrazovanie? (Prospects of health promotion education in Russia) / V.I. Zagvyazinskiy, I.V. Manzheley // Teoriya i praktika fiz. kultury. – 2015. – # 11. – P. 94-96.
4. Zagvyazinskiy V.I. Obshchaya panorama pedagogicheskogo issledovaniya po problemam fizicheskoy kul'tury i sporta (Pedagogical research in physical education and sport: Overview) / V.I. Zagvyazinskiy, I.V. Manzheley // Teoriya i praktika fiz. kultury. – 2016. – # 3. – P. 3–5.
5. Kolunin E.T. Sistema konvergentsii sredstv gimnastiki v protsess nachal'noy podgotovki sportivnogo rezerva (System of convergence of gymnastic techniques during basic training of athletes of sports reserve) / E.T. Kolunin // Teoriya i praktika fiz. kultury. – 2014. – # 12. – P. 78-82.
6. Lubysheva L.I. «Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kul'tury» – strategicheskiy vektor razvitiya sportivnoy nauki ("Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kultury" as strategic development vector for sport science) / L.I. Lubysheva // Teoriya i praktika fiz. kultury. – 2015. – # 11. – P. 3-5.
7. Matveyev L.P. Obshchaya teoriya sporta i ee prikladnye aspekty (General theory of sport and its applications) / L.P. Matveyev. – St. Petersburg: Lan, 2005. – 384 p.
8. Prokopiev N.Y. Fizicheskaya rabotosposobnost i funktsional'nye rezervy serdechno-sosudistoy sistemy uchashchikhsya g. Tyumeni (Physical working capacity and functional reserves of cardiovascular system of Tyumen pupils) / N.Y. Prokopiev, S.G. Marinskikh, V.I. Nazmutdinova // Vestnik Shadrinskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo instituta (Herald of Shadrinsk State Pedagogical Institute). – ShSPI (SHGPI) pub. h-se, 2011. – P. 142-148.
9. Simonova E.A. Izuchenie koordinatsionnykh sposobnostey begunov na korotkie distantsii (Sprinter's coordination abilities) / E.A. Simonova, V.A. Tissen // Strategiya formirovaniya zdorovogo obraza zhizni sredstvami fizicheskoy kul'tury i sporta: opyt, perspektivy razvitiya (Healthy lifestyle formation strategy using physical culture and sports: experience, prospects): Proc. of res.-pract. conf. with participation of foreign representatives. – Tyumen, 2013. – P. 86-90.
10. Shamonin A.V. Povyshenie tekhnicheskoy podgotovki pri razvitii sposobnostey k sokhraneniyu ravnovesiya yunykh futbolistov 7-11 let: dis. ... kand. ped. nauk (Increase technical skills in development of maintaining balance ability in junior football players aged 7-11 years: PhD thesis) / A.V. Shamonin. – Moscow, 2010. – 183 p.

Corresponding author: kolunin2@mail.ru

Abstract

The article considers the problem of sport reserve physical training improvements in the team game sports. Objective of the study was to obtain experimental data to rate benefits of the sport reserve physical training system in the team game sports based on a set of converted gymnastic practices. Subject to the study were four groups of 2007-born boys trained in football (55 people) and ice hockey (56 people) second-year preparatory groups. Analysis of the current situation of the subject matter showed an urgent need for new training technologies for the sport reserve being developed and offered. One of such technologies may be based on the adapted (converted) gymnastic practices being used in the beginner athletes’ training process. The educational experiment under the study showed the practical benefits of the adapted gymnastic practices applied for the sport reserve training in team game sports.