Dr.Biol., Professor O.P. Panfilov¹
PhD, Associate professor, Master of Sports V.V. Borisova¹
PhD, Associate professor, Master of Sports A.V. Titova¹
PhD, Associate professor L.V. Rudneva¹
PhD, Associate professor V.A. Dubrovin^2
1Tula State Pedagogical University n.a. L.N. Tolstoy, Tula
²Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University n.a. V.P. Astafiev, Krasnoyarsk

Keywords: "anthropological sport culture", health promotion system, socio-cultural training, sport culture.

Introduction. Human connections and relationships with the environment are complex and diverse. They are formed into systems by means of two interrelated subsystems: man - nature, man - society in its historical evolution [1,2]. One of these subsystems - object (nature, society, technology), serves as an environment for another - subject, which can be only a man under anthropological approach.

Methods of correction, prevention and practical use of innovative tools compose the modern health promoting education technology. It appears that much of this problem still remains a challenge to be addressed. However, even today there is a need to develop general framework of the wide range of preventive actions meeting modern requirements of children and adolescents’ life activity with regard to the level of their physical development, motor fitness including children with health issues. This concept can be actualized only on the basis of the anthropological approach.                                                                                                                                         

Objective of the research was to theoretically substantiate the need for anthropological education for physical education specialists in the sphere of physical education and sport in the modern society.

Results and discussion. Nowadays, scientists and experts of various professions turn to the anthropological knowledge (“Sport anthropology”, “Pedagogical anthropology”, “Physiological anthropology”, “Philosophical anthropology” etc.). However, it is alarming and unacceptable that specialists in the physical education and sports area, who need this valuable material most of all, use it to a lesser extent. Is not it due to simple illiteracy in these matters that year after year the children's incidence rates are increasing, the number of accidents and fatal diseases under physical loads are growing among athletes and adolescents involved in sport and physical education activities?

Today the anthropological principle is one of the leading ones in general education, and anthropological knowledge is the core of teacher’s vocational training. Pedagogical anthropology itself is developed as a branch of humanology (B.M. Bim-Bad, B.V. Yemel’yanov, B.V. Kulikov, L.K. Rakhlevskaya, V.A. Slastenin, G.Y. Solov’yev et al.). In the 90s, pedagogical anthropology was added to the curricula of higher pedagogical institutions of the Russian Federation as a separate discipline.

However, for many reasons, the terms “sport anthropology”, “pedagogical anthropology” and the system of pedagogical views marked by these terms are perceived in the sphere of physical education as something abstract related to the history of domestic culture and science. At the same time, theoretical and methodological concepts of anthropology sort of continue their existence in terms of “cooperative pedagogics”, “developmental teaching”, “pedagogics of relationships”, which is absolutely insufficient for the problems and practices associated with the anthropology of physical education. Moreover, in contrast to general pedagogics, there is no subject “Anthropology” in the educational standards and curricula of specialist training in physical education.

The impact of modernization of physical education on this part was not enough, which rather affected specialist’s training, his worldview and physical education system as a whole. Research in this sphere of education, reconsideration of conventional stereotypes convince of the need to create a discipline (maybe specialization or profile) "Anthropological sport culture" and appropriate anthropological technologies.

The object of the "Anthropological sport culture" discipline should be available in modern pedagogical anthropology man-man relationships, the subject – a child, an adolescent as a participant of the educational process. Thus, the study of relationships will differ from the collectivist humanology revealing true nature of a child and the opportunity to gain knowledge of man relevant for physical education and sport pedagogics.

Hence, the suggested discipline - "Anthropological sport culture" and associated aggregate of subjects is of particular interest for the theory and practice of physical education, sport training, recreational and adaptive physical education and it levels up the quality of specialist training process. It studies a man as an individual, biosocial creature educing dynamic and energetic features of his psychophysical processes (strength, weakness, coordination, lability, conservatism). Its functions also include genetic foundations of man's behavior and psyche, patterns of variability and heritability of individual properties, the influence of these patterns on age and gender manifestations, psychomotor and intellectual abilities.

 Rephrasing the tasks of integral research of the object of pedagogical anthropology (B.M. Bim-Bad), we can note, that one of the key objectives of anthropological sport culture is to identify typical relationships between biologically programmed development of man and all kinds of external effects on him - purposeful and purposeless, intentional and accidental, systematic and episodical.

Thus, it is obvious that a “new” teacher is required for the physical education and sport sector, especially in the physical education system: not just competent in a certain science, but with the background knowledge of man, child, cognitive process on the one hand, and of real life of children and adults, nature and society, on the other. The main role in detecting and actualizing of these patters can be performed via creating a discipline with evolutionary-integrative processes and mechanisms influencing physical, anthropometric, psychomotor and other corporal, spiritual and moral formations and functions of children and adolescents.

The name of this discipline - "Anthropological sport culture" represents an independent education science, “….holistic and system knowledge about man raising and being raised, as a subject and object of education, integrative science, generalizing various knowledge on man in terms of education and training” (V.I. Maksakova).

Conclusion. "Anthropological sport culture" as a modern scientific discipline incorporates the whole range of values of the named concept. It is enriched by a variety of sciences, including via such "sectoral" anthropologies as sport, philosophical, cultural, social, psychological, and others.

In the course of the study, a teaching aid meeting modern requirements and forming basic competences of the discipline, as well as the curriculum of the "Anthropological sport culture" course for the post-secondary training students (coaches and specialists in physical education and sport) were designed.

References

1. Maksakova V.I. Pedagogicheskaya antropologiya: ucheb. posobie dlya stud. vyssh. ped. ucheb. zavedeniy (Pedagogical anthropology: study guide for students of higher ed. institutions). – Moscow: Akademiya, 2001.
2. Martirosov E.G. Pedagogicheskaya antropologiya: ucheb. posobie (Pedagogical anthropology: study guide) / Comp. by B.M. Bim-Bad. – Moscow: Izd-vo «URAO» Publishing House, 1998.

Corresponding author: panfilov30@mail.ru

Abstract
The article addresses the problem of creating a discipline (profile) and the research area "Anthropological sport culture" as the basis of the educational system addressing the tasks of the quality improvement of modern physical education specialist training and management of mental and physical development of pupils and students.
The situation is bad in the case of specialist training in physical education and other educational areas where it should be particularly highlighted, namely in the field of anthropological biorhythmology, psychophysiology and biomedical disciplines. Hence, there is a sharp deterioration of the health status, along with disharmony of physical development and functional state of children and youth.
"Anthropological sport culture" as a modern scientific discipline incorporates the whole range of values of the named concept. It is enriched by a variety of sciences, including via such "sectoral" anthropologies as sport, philosophical, cultural, social, psychological, and others.