Content and organization of self-studying of female medical students on the subject «Physical Education»

Фотографии: 

ˑ: 

E.N. Gogoleva1
Ph.D., Associate Professor N.E. Gogolev1
L.P. Dmitrieva1
L.D. Mironova1
Institute of Physical Culture and Sport of North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov, Yakutsk

Keywords: self-studying of medical students, physical education, physical development, physical fitness.

Introduction. In the modern context, the attitude of female students to physical culture is among the most relevant socially significant issues in pedagogics. Being a distinct social category with specific physiological and psychological characteristics, female students are exposed to particular factors taking place in the university education process. Generally, these factors are: full-time intense mental workload on a daily basis; emotional stress; social interaction in the student environment; incompatibility of high standards and limited material resources; students' dependence on parents while trying to maintain independence; necessity to work for livelihoods to the detriment of health and quality of education; lack of self-sufficiency when arranging schedule of working hours and rest, nutrition, household activities, etc. [3, 4].

Extensive information flow and data reevaluation complicate programs, increase the scope of study materials, result in intense mental workload [3].

The purpose of the study was to provide scientific justification for content and arrangement of self-study activities of female medical students in the discipline “Physical Education” for the purposes of improving their physical development and physical fitness.

Materials and methods. The most effective method for improving physical development and physical fitness [1] is applied through the approach of arranging self-guided activities of female medical students, as was exemplified by Institute of Medicine of North-Eastern Federal University (NEFU). Firstly, at Physical Education classes, the self-study activities of the female medical students are organized by the PE teachers in order to provide successive and substantial techniques of mastering physical exercises. Secondly, medical students acquire the knowledge and skills of doing sets of physical exercises developed by the teachers. As part of extracurricular activities, the female medical students are involved in individual programs of physical exercises developed according to their specific health conditions. Professional duties of the teachers comprise explanation, recommendation, consultation, analysis of the given exercise programs. Analysis of physical development and fitness of the female medical students was based on the final results of their self-guided activities, which provided an opportunity to control various processes, determined by the physical condition, in the body system of students.

At this point, new sports programs were developed by the PE specialists of North-Eastern Federal University. These programs aim at establishing health promoting environment in the university. The major program objectives are promoting and maintaining health of students, teachers and other university personnel; integrity and interrelation of academic and extracurricular activities in the field of physical culture and sport. Practical part of the program is implemented by the PE teachers in terms of extracurricular activities: arranging and hosting the university sports events for students, teachers and university personnel.

Various educational techniques are implemented in both academic and extracurricular activities of female students throughout the study period. Academic activities comprise: theoretical, practical and examination activities; elective training courses; individual lessons and consultations; assignment completion with and without a teacher. Extracurricular activities comprise: physical and recreational exercises during the academic day; attending various student clubs and sports centers; self-guided physical exercises; participation in sports events. Educational process of physical education is characterized by the exercises based on fitness aerobics which improves general physical fitness of the female students. The new structure of self-guided sports exercises increases effectiveness of the entire educational process and allows the objectives fulfillment, including that of the students attending physical education classes.

The goals of the discipline “Physical Education” are to form the attitude of medical female students to physical education as an essential element of cultural values, recreational and sports activities that should be maintained in the further professional occupation. 124 female medical students from Institute of Medicine of North-Eastern Federal University took part in the educational experiment, which was conducted using such tests as: physical development (weight (kg), chest girth, wais, thigh girth measurements (cm)); physical fitness (press-ups (number of reps), 100-meter dash (sec), crunches (number of reps per minute), sit-ups (cm), standing long jump (cm) [2]. The experiment results were analyzed using mathematical methods of statistics. 

Results and discussion. According to the pilot educational experiment results, the physical fitness indices of the female medical students were consistently low almost in all parameters; as compared to normative standards, high indices were not detected (Fig. 1).

Fig. 1. Dynamics of physical development of female students from NEFU Institute of Medicine during the experiment (1 – weight (kg), 2 – chest girth, 3 – waist, 4 – thigh girth (cm))

Fig. 2. Dynamics of physical fitness of female students from NEFU Institute of Medicine during the experiment (1 – press-ups (number of reps), 2 – 100-meter dash (sec), 3 – crunches (number of reps per minute), 4 – sit-ups (cm), 5 – standing long jump (cm))

According to the findings, the physical development and fitness indices of the female students from Institute of Medicine of North-Eastern Federal University are considerably lower than that of the normative standards. In our opinion, they may be improved by means of: training and methodological arrangements in self-guided activities of students, forming the skills of self-development, ensuring transparency and consistency of physical fitness indices and increasing students’ sports motivation.

There are four basic types of self-guided exercises: morning hygienic gymnastics, fitness and health and recreation activities during the academic day, self-guided training sessions, leisure physical activities [4]. North-Eastern Federal University provides appropriate facilities in sports centers: volleyball, basketball, track and field, football, aerobics, table tennis, shooting, skiing, national sports, mind spots, gymnastics, martial arts, swimming. Arrangement of self-guided activities of students becomes increasingly relevant due to introduction of the new Federal State Educational Standard.

What follows is a system of self-guided physical activities for female first- and second-year students in the discipline “Physical Education” (Table 1).

Table 1. System of self-guided physical activities of female first- and second-year medical students

Term

Forms and types of self-guided physical activities

Academic activities

Extracurricular activities

1

 

Studying basic concepts of the theory of physical culture. Composing bibliographical cards for articles about physical culture (text).

 

Putting down research methods which you are going to apply in your practical work (in written form).

 

Studying sports healthcare: health status; physical development and fitness level; medical supervision of a person’s health status during physical education lessons; total amount of needed physical activity; posture and foot correction exercises; other exercises aimed at treatment of various health deviations of students (text).

Studying the backgrounds of healthy living habit formation.

Putting down indicators of physical development and fitness of people of different age groups (in written form).

 

Preparing a seminar on the topic “Characteristics of physical exercises” (seminar).

Observation and analysis of use of various methods of teaching physical exercises.

Preparing for a seminar on the topic “Characteristics of methods and techniques of teaching physical exercises” (seminar).

 

Preparing for a seminar on the topic “Methodology of physical qualities development” (seminar).

 

Participation in NEFU events

Making summaries of physical education lessons, active games and gymnastics.

Making a set of exercises using current literature (structure and sequence of exercises).

2

Making summaries of physical education activities for people of different age groups

Arranging a set of active games for people of different age groups performed in pairs with accessories and facilities (structure and sequence of exercises). 

 

Making visual markings for marching and warm-up exercises (check).

 

Participation in NEFU events (practice).

Making summaries of active games

Preparing a card-catalogue of active games for people of different age groups, attributes, album of counting-out games and rhymes (credit).

 

Making reports on the following topics: “Effect of physical education on the human body”, “My favorite sport” (optionally) (in written form).

3

 

Analyzing the plan of students’ motor activities (in written form).

 

Making summary outline of physical exercises and providing public access to it (structure and sequence of exercises).

 

Participation in NEFU events

Making summaries of morning gymnastics.

Making summary outline of improvisatory or innovative morning gymnastics (structure and sequence of exercises).  

4

Making a daily plan of motor activities.

Making a personal health record including the indices of physical development and fitness; making a list of objectives and schedule plan for the current year all based on the health record (in written form).

 

Participation in NEFU events.
 

 

Conclusion. The wide use of the means of self-guided physical activities, stimulating mental and practical activities, develops important skills and qualities of a person which contribute to his further acquiring skills and knowledge and its implementation in practice.

References

  1. Gogolev, N.E. Otsenka fiziometricheskikh pokazateley studentov (Evaluation of physiometric indicators in students) / N.E. Gogolev, E.N. Gogoleva, V.V. Protopopov // Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kultury. V.10. Moscow: Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kul'tury i sporta, 2012. – № 10. – P. 57–58.
  2. Landa, B.H. Metodika kompleksnoy otsenki fizicheskogo razvitiya fizicheskoy podgotovlennosti: ucheb. posobie (Methods of integrated assessment of physical development of physical fitness: study guide) / B.H. Landa. – 3rd ed., rev. and sup. – Moscow: Sovetskiy sport, 2006. – 208 P.
  3. Panina, S.V. Razrabotka uchebno-metodicheskogo obespecheniya samostoyatel'noy raboty studentov meditsinskogo profilya po distsipline «Fizicheskaya kul'tura» (Development of training and methodological support of self-guided activities of medical students in the discipline "Physical Education") / S.V. Panina, E.N. Gogoleva // Obshchestvo: sotsiologiya, psikhologya, pedagogika. – Krasnodar: KhORS, 2014. – № 4. – P. 109–112. ISSN 2221-2795 (print), 2223-6430 (online).
  4. Fizicheskaya kul'tura i fizicheskoe vospitanie studentov v tekhnicheskom vuze: ucheb. posobie (Physical culture and physical education in technical university: study guide) / Ed. by V.Yu. Lebedinsky, Yu.G. Shporin. – Irkutsk, 2012. – 296 P.

Corresponding author: 706037@mail.ru