Ph.D., Associate Professor O.E. Vinokurova
Ph.D., Associate Professor M.I. Sever'yanova
Ph.D., Associate Professor A.I. Novgorodova
Postgraduate student S.T. Lytkina¹
Institute of Physical Culture and Sport of North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov, Yakutsk

Keywords: ethnopedagogics, ethnic traditions, national sports, livelihoods of ethnic groups, qualification, personnel training.

Introduction. Humanitarization is one of the mechanisms for establishing cultural and professional environment, introducing values of physical culture, revealing the significance of health and fitness activities to an individual. Therefore, educational process should provide a wide range of humanitarian knowledge regarding health and physical self-development of a student, student’s physical and functional capacities, recreation and rehabilitation, sports and life-sustaining activities. Humanitarian tendency of the pedagogical system, its feasibility and productivity, require from the universities that they introduce innovative changes into its content and structure. Personnel training process should be effective and strategic so as to respond to the changes of the social processes; it should result in overall adaptation of the graduates to market relations and provide ample opportunities for personal fulfillment and creativity of students.

The purpose of the study was to provide scientific justification for the significance of the ethnopedagogical basics of ethnocultural training of future specialists by means of traditional and modern national sports.

Materials and methods. Pedagogical projecting, overview of literary sources and analysis were conducted within the framework of establishing the primary aspects of students’ knowledge about ethnoregional (ethnocultural) lifestyle characteristics including the field of sports and physical culture. 

Results and discussion. Social and pedagogical demands of the modern society and the study of ethnic pedagogics and its relevance prove the necessity of regional approach to be applied in the educational process and training.

A number of renowned Yakut teachers and scholars, including V.F. Afanasyev, D.A. Danilov, A.A. Grigoryeva, М.P. Kochnev, I.S. Portnyagin, N.K. Shamaev and many others, have studied disciplinary principles used in teaching physical exercises. Ethnic pedagogics provides important standards and criteria everyone should correspond to and strive for: firstly, it comprises overcoming difficulties people deal with on a daily basis; secondly, it develops physical qualities and skills, such as endurance and persistence which are essential in everyday life too. As M.A. Abramova correctly noted, ethnic traditions, as a historically developed result of cognitive, mental activities and practices of people, represent the means of relations between an individual and the society having impact on mindset and personal integrity, increasing responsibility towards other people. According to V.I. Prokopenko, traditional and modern sports contribute to counteracting the negative impact of climate and environmental conditions on the health of children and teenagers living in the North of Russia.

Basically, traditional training culture is constructive over all aspects of life, since it is an organizing, integrating and actualizing component of human activities. Specialists studying the issues of physical education system note that, regarding indigenous Arctic ethnic groups, national physical education represents a combination of sports-based national games, physical exercises specific to the ethnic culture, applied sports contests and modern sports all based on specific properties of the body (development of cold resistance and endurance).

In the national sociocultural environment, the issues of great importance are the practical implementation and adaptation of ethnic traditions, aimed at formation and development of essential physical qualities and skills of the young people. The following ethnic traditions should be considered: training begins at a young age; training should be conducted on a massive scale; training should be continuous, dynamic and competitive; the body should be kept physically fit and toned. The educational potential of ethnopedagogics, based on modern techniques and educational methods with the use of exercise equipment and computerization, will provide an opportunity to renovate the principles of athlete selection, maintain sports on a massive scale and increase athletes' sports skills.

The issues of formation of physical culture of an individual should optimally correspond with the development of personal values and, thus, be the basics for the whole educational system. According to V.P. Luk'yanenko, in terms of modernization of general physical education, the culturological approach should be used in the educational process.

It should be noted that physical and scientific education should correspond with the demand of the regional communities, potential employers and graduates. As stated by M.D. Gulyaev, the Sports Minister of the Sakha Republic, coordinating activities of the authorities at the state level of the Russian Federation contributes to effective fulfilling of the potential of the Russian national sports in the following aspects:

- as a practical mechanism of involvement the residents in regular exercises and physical activities;

- as a means of strengthening the cross-national communication and interrelations in the Russian Federation.

 In terms of vocational training of the students from Institute of Physical Culture and Sport of North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov, it is necessarily to consider the following aspects regarding development of students' knowledge about ethnoregional (ethnocultural) lifestyle characteristics, including the field of physical culture and sport:

• developing the students’ knowledge in the context of sports-based national games and national sports of the North-Eastern region of the Russian Federation; gaining experience and its appplication in physical education of the younger generation;
• philosophical, historical and cultural interpretation of the sports-based national games and national sports of the North-Eastern ethnic groups of the Russian Federation;
• consideration of the humanistic and sociocultural potential of the ethnopedagogical traditions for promotion of physical education and healthy living;
• consideration of the means of physical education, sports-based national games and its importance.  

            Within training based on national sports and sports-based national games, pedagogical activities should be aimed at humanistic influence on an individual through ethnic traditional physical education; it should develop competencies directing and motivating for developing the proper physical fitness and further sports achievements. 

Table 1. Socially significant activities

Professional teacher training requires the socially oriented focus to be instilled in students. According to V.I. Prokopenko, in the modern context, the communicative and cultural functions of modern national sport occupy a specific place in the life of the Arctic ethnic groups. As stated by A.I. Zagrevskaya, in the university system of physical education, it is important to provide the means for effective acquiring and mastering sports and physical culture values, self-determination in terms of national sports, personal development and fulfillment of students.

Conclusion. The educational process of establishing moral and ethical values of students is conducted with the means of learning content selection for ethical and culturological education, as well as the means of its adaptation for students. The methods of teacher-and-student cooperation are determined and established through current social, economic, political and cultural conditions of society development, existing traditions of the educational institute and specific demand of the society for a specialist of the certain type. The effectiveness of continuous physical culture education is provided with the regional educational institute being based on historical traditions, cultural and national peculiarities of the Republic, strategic aspects of the course of modern education development.

References

1. Abramova, M.A. Gumanisticheskie predstavleniya v kul'ture narodov Yakutii (Humanistic ideas in the culture of peoples of Yakutia) / M.A. Abramova, N.D. Neustroev. – Moscow: Akademia, 2003. – 216 P.
2. Vinokurova, O.E. Zdorov'esberegayushchie kompetentsii kak faktor podgotovki budushchego sportivnogo pedagoga (Health-protecting competences as a factor of training of future sports teacher) / O.E. Vinokurova // Teoriya i praktika fiz. kul'tury. – 2014. – № 5. – P. 55.
3. Vinokurova, O.E. Osnovnye podkhody v sisteme upravleniya kachestvom vysshego professional'nogo obrazovaniya v otrasli «Fizicheskaya kul'tura v usloviyakh universitetskogo kompleksa» (Principal approaches to quality management control system in higher education in the industry "Physical culture in a university complex") / O.E. Vinokurova // Teoriya i praktika fiz. kul'tury. – 2012. – № 10. – P. 9–13.
4. Zagrevskaya, A.I. Kul'turologicheskiy podkhod k fizkul'turno-sportivnomu obrazovaniyu studentov (Cultural approach to sports and sports education students) / A.I. Zagrevskaya // Fenomen sportivnoy kul'tury v aspekte filosofskogo, istoricheskogo i sotsial'no-pedagogicheskogo analiza (Sports culture phenomenon in terms of philosophical, historical and socio-pedagogical analyses). – Moscow, 2014. – 72 P.

Corresponding author: olgvin@mail.ru