S.S. Filippov, professor, Dr.Hab.
National State University of Physical Culture, Sport and Health named after P.F. Lesgaft, St. Petersburg
V.O. Piskun, candidate
St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg

Keywords: domiciliary physical culture and sport occupations, organizational forms, different population groups.

Introduction. The problem of consolidation of the positions of physical culture and sport (PCS) among various population groups occupies one of the major places in the development of modern cities and towns of our country. In the regions interesting developments arise in this direction: given past experience and traditions, every city is trying to find adequate ways to improve this work. Therefore, searching and scientific analysis of obtained domiciliary results with the population are still important theoretical and practical problems.

The purpose of the research was to reveal the basic organizational forms of development of domiciliary PCS.

Results and discussion. As seen from present experience, analysis of legal documents [3, 4, 6, 1] and special literature [2, 5, 7 et al.], a fairly clear idea of the vector of progressive development of theoretical and practical activities with regard to creating conditions for domiciliary PCS occupations for different population groups is being formed to date. Today in our country this activity is being carried out in accordance with the Federal Law "On physical culture and sport in the Russian Federation". The section 30.3 states that local authorities create conditions for the development of PCS occupations in the places where people live and rest, including through the involvement of experts in the relevant area.

The article 15 paragraph 26 of the Federal Law "On General Principles of Local Government in the Russian Federation" says that local authorities should create conditions for the development of PCS on the territory of the municipal district and the organization of official health and fitness activities. In addition, "The strategy of development of physical culture and sport in the Russian Federation up to 2020" and the state program "The development of physical culture and sports" are also important for strengthening of the position of domiciliary PCS.

Each subject of the Russian Federation creates its own conditions for the development of domiciliary PCS based on economic, financial, human and organizational capacities, cultural and sports traditions as well as sports interests of the population. Consider the implementation of related work with population on the example of St. Petersburg, in particular, the Kalininsky district [9].

The Legislature of St. Petersburg enacted the Law "Concerning the fundamental principles of the policy of St. Petersburg in the field of physical culture and sport" [8]. According to the article 5 of the paragraph 2, the responsibilities of the Government of St. Petersburg related to city policy in the field of PCS include the organization of domiciliary physical culture and sport. The direct management of domiciliary PCS is conducted by the following committees of the City Government: the Committee of Physical Culture and Sports; the Committee of Education; the Committee for Youth Policies and Interaction with Nongovernmental Organizations and municipal units. They are the founders of various institutions and organizations that provide health and fitness services for the population. Commercial physical culture and sports organizations are also important in providing these services. The organizations that work with different population groups include: educational organizations; teenage clubs; centers of physical culture and sport and commercial sports and physical training organizations.

Educational organizations provide students with extracurricular health and fitness services. The work is carried out in various sports sections including sports clubs activities in secondary schools and universities.

The Kalininsky district is where St. Petersburg State Polytechnic University (SPbPU) is situated, which is one of the largest universities in Russia. With its developed material base (two sports complexes; three stadiums, two of which have artificial turf; outdoor sports facilities etc.) the University is providing a great deal of health and fitness services for the district population. However, given the fact that more than 16 thousand students (7 thousand living in the dorms) are being trained only by the basic educational programs of the University, the focus is on the organization of extracurricular health and fitness activities with students. In the period of 2012-2014 SPbPU became a prize winner (2^nd place) of the Open Public All-Russian Contest of Educational Institutions of Secondary and Higher Vocational Education for the best organization of physical training and sports activities for students. Due to the fact that more than 2.5 thousand foreign students are being trained in SPbPU (with their national and individual psychological characteristics), the organization of their leisure time determines the specificity of health and fitness and sports activities suitable for them [5]. Currently, the University has become the main venue for mass sports events with the participation of foreign students who are studying in St. Petersburg universities.

Teenage clubs. Their activity is being managed by the Committee for Youth Policies and Interaction with Non-governmental Organizations. Currently, there are 325 teenage and youth clubs in the city with 105 thousand people in it engaged in different kinds of leisure activities, mostly in sports sections (more than a half) [8]. The activities of these clubs in the districts are being managed by the respective centers, such as, the "Kalininsky" teenage and youth centre, which is a state establishment of St. Petersburg established in 1994. There are 17 teenage and youth clubs in the Centre located in the Kalininsky district, including the "Atlant" district youth club. 250 circles, sections, studios and amateur associations operating in the clubs of the Centre meet the needs of children, adolescents and youth of the district.

Annually, about 7 thousand people do sports, enjoy art, acquire useful job skills, improve their health and have fun in their free time. The areas of sports, art, dance, music, theater and tourism as well as extreme sports so popular among young people are being developed in the teenage and youth clubs of the district, different areas of modern youth subculture are being cultivated. The "Kalininsky" teenage and youth centre organizes and conducts more than 300 events a year including concerts and events for teenagers and young people, veterans, large families, orphans and other residents of the district; it also conducts sports competitions, song and dance festivals, contests in various fields of creative work and exhibitions of works of fine and decorative art. Last year these events were attended by over 35 thousand people. Honored Masters of Sports of Russia, Masters of Sports of International Class, and Merited Coaches of Russia are the teachers in the centre.

Physical Culture and Sports Centers. Such centers have been established in every district of St. Petersburg in order to cover all population groups in the area. For example, the center in Kalininsky district is the main organization responsible for management of sports sections, introduction to regular PCS occupations, as well as conducting health and fitness and sports events for the residents of the Kalininsky district of St. Petersburg [9].

Commercial physical training and sports organizations, including fitness clubs, centers, studios, etc., implement a variety of health-improving programs. Currently, according to various estimates, more than 3 million people of different ages in Russia are involved in fitness. There are more than 25 fitness clubs and studios in the Kalininsky district of St. Petersburg, which provide a variety of health and fitness services: yoga, stretching, pilates, shaping, fitball, callanetics, power aerobics, aerobics, flex and body flex; children's fitness; dances: contemporary, tango, ballet, hustle, hip-hop, folk, latin, break dance, ballroom, choreography and modern.

Conclusion. Every region of our country has its own system of administration and organization of domiciliary physical culture and sports occupations of people. As seen from the analysis, the current system includes various types of organizations and forms of work to meet the needs of the population, including foreign nationals residing in the country, in a variety of health and fitness services.

References

1. Zakon Sankt-Peterburga «Ob osnovakh politiki Sankt-Peterburga v oblasti fizicheskoy kul’tury i sporta» (2009) (The Law of St. Petersburg «On the bases of the policy of St. Petersburg in the field of physical culture and sport" (2009).
2. Lubysheva, L.I. Sotsiologiya fizicheskoy kul’tury i sporta (Sociology of physical culture and sport) / L.I. Lubysheva. – Moscow: Akademiya, 2004. – 240 P.
3.  «O fizicheskoy kul’ture i sporte v Rossiyskoy Federatsii» ot 04.12.2007 g. # 329-FZ. («On Physical Culture and Sport in the Russian Federation» 04.12.2007 № 329-FL).
4. «Ob obshchikh printsipakh organizatsii mestnogo samoupravleniya v Rossiyskoy Federatsii» ot 06.10.2003 g. # 131-FZ. («On general principles of organization of local self-government in the Russian Federation" dated 06.10.2003 № 131-FL).
5. Piskun, O.E. Organizatsiya fizicheskogo vospitaniya studentov zarubezhnykh stran (Organization of physical education of foreign students) / O.E. Piskun // Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kul’tury. – 2014. – № 7. – P. 6–8.
6. «Strategiya razvitiya fizicheskoy kul’tury i sporta v Rossiyskoy Federatsii do 2020 goda» («The strategy of development of physical culture and sport in the Russian Federation up to 2020»).
7. Filippov, S.S. Menedzhment v sfere fitnes-uslug: organizatsionno-pravovoy aspekt (Management in the field of fitness services: legal aspect) / S.S. Filippov, N.I. Antonova, S.I. Smirnov. – Moscow: Sovetskiy sport, 2014. – 258 P.
8. http://gov.spb.ru
9. http://pmc-kalininsky.spb.ru/about

Corresponding author: piskun@imop.ru