V.N. Zuev, professor, Dr.Hab.
V.V. Nasonov, Ph.D.Tyumen state university, Tyumen

Key words: success, vocational activity, qualification category, referee, refereeing, volleyball.

Introduction. Effectiveness of professional work of volleyball referee can be defined by analyzing its specifics [2]. In refereeing success can be considered as a correspondence of activity itself to certain characteristics of referee's competency. In case of studying effectiveness the problem of the content of its characteristics arises. On the modern stage its criteria are still undetermined both in Russia and abroad. Refereeing work lacks objective evaluation indices to measure due to personal features being the object of control. Thus this assessment of characteristics of effectiveness in professional refereeing work in volleyball is subjective.

Material and methods. 25 volleyball referees were subject to examination. The group 1 (n=14) was made of professional volleyball referees of games of the Russian Super league and the Premier league A, in the age of 36-52 with 12-28 years of refereeing experience.

The group 2 (n=11) of referees of games of the Russian Super league and the Premier league B was formed in view of such factors as: available vocational refereeing experience and lack of professional practice in games of the Russian Super league and the Premier league A. 7 and 4 referees of this group were higher and secondary education professionals respectively, all aged over 43, with 21-25 years of refereeing experience.

The studies were devoted to allocation of:

1. the content of success characteristics in professional work of volleyball referee;

2. significance level of each success characteristics;

3. specification levels of intensity of each characteristic;

4. overall success of volleyball referees;

5. internal correlations of success characteristics.

The allocation of the content of success characteristics in the judging activity of volleyball referees was preceded by the research of theoretical and methodological literature, conversations, interview and questionnaire of international referees and inspectorate. The significance level was estimated by means of ranking by the expert commission using visual observation and some kind of subjective scaling. The evaluation was deduced from the average in every single characteristic. The number of games watched totaled to 50, every referee supervised 2 games each.

Results of the research. The specification levels of intensity of success characteristics for referees of various qualification categories were defined in the research (Table 1). Referees of games of the Russian Super league and the Premier league A were proved to differ by higher intensity of the following characteristics: objectiveness, consistency, stress resistance, trustworthiness (р≤0,05) and adherence to principles (р≤0,01). Referees of the Group 1 had the lowest variability indices in confidence, objectiveness and timeliness in decision-making, showing the single trend of its manifestation in vocational activity. Herewith, high coefficients of the variation regarding trustworthiness were recorded, proving its different levels in the group under study.  

Volleyball referees of games of the Russian Super league and the Premier league B have lower results in all characteristics. But the studies have not revealed any significant disparity regarding confidence, attention and timeliness of actions, testifying to similar manifestation of the quoted characteristics at work. Referees of the group 2 are distinguished by low variation coefficients of such success characteristics as confidence, objectiveness; and high coefficients of consistency, stress resistance, adherence to principles, attention and trustworthiness. Proceeding from the comparative analysis, the variation coefficients were higher in the group 2, proving the less notable single trend of their manifestation and different levels of professional preparedness of the referees.

The overall quality of game refereeing was estimated by the 100-point system. Despite the 5 points for the quality of refereeing obtained in both of the groups, the values differ significantly (р≤0,001), testifying to different levels of the referees’ judging qualification.

The correlation analysis revealed the unified correlation of stress resistance with inspector’s overall assessment for the quality of game supervising (p≤0,001).

Conclusions.

1. The success characteristics in the segments of objectiveness, self consistency, stress resistance, trustworthiness and adherence to principles are very important for volleyball referees supervising the games of the Russian Super league and the Premier league A. Objectiveness of volleyball referee is especially essential due to the allocated unified trend of its manifestation in the studied group. These are the characteristics of work that require attention within professional development of volleyball referees of different levels.

2. The success characteristics of confidence and objectiveness are essential for volleyball referees supervising the games of the Russian Super league and the Premier league B. The intensity of these characteristics in the volleyball referee’s personality ones promotes the capacities for high standard supervising of the games of A league and the Premier league B.

3. The correlation analysis revealed the single rule of stress resistance, correlated with inspector’s overall assessment for the quality of game supervising, proving that volleyball referee’s stress resistance to external and internal buffer factors affects the overall assessment for the quality of game supervising.

4. While ranging the success characteristics its significance level was determined, i.e.: confidence, objectiveness, stress resistance, adherence to principles, attention (concentration, distribution, volume), timeliness of actions and trustworthiness. 

5. As proved by the obtained data on the allocation of the overall refereeing effectiveness, referees of the group 1 are more effective than the group 2 in case of the same professional experience and age.

The quoted results give the clear idea of the role and intensity of success characteristics on various stages of their professional development on the early stage of enhancement of volleyball referees.

Bibliography

1. Zuev, V.N. Sports referee: study guide / V.N. Zuev. – Мoscow: Sovetsky sport, 2004. – 394 P. (In Russian)

2. Lozovaya, G.V. Satisfaction of sport school trainers with their professional work: Ph.D. thesis / G.V. Lozovaya. – St.-Petersburg, 2002. – 168 P. (In Russian)

3. Nasonov, V.V. Formation of personal characteristics of volleyball referee influencing success in his refereeing work: Ph.D. thesis / V.V. Nasonov. – Tyumen, 2011. – 250 P. (In Russian)

Author’s contacts: vladimir-nasonov00@rambler.ru