Step Characteristics of Olga Kaniskina - World Race Walking Champion 2011

Фотографии: 

ˑ: 

A.G. Polozkov, professor, associate, professor, Ph.D., Honored worker of physical culture of the RF
Russian Customs Academy, Moscow

Keywords: race walking, pedagogical analysis, forecasting.

 Women's race walking contests have been recently held at the distance of 20 km and are included in competition programs at World Cups, European and World Championships and Olympic Games.

The technique of race walking is the degree of coherence of movements, providing the most efficient, rational solution for a motor task - to walk correctly and quickly. In turn, to walk correctly means that an athlete is to maintain constant support, and at the moment of positioning of his foot on the ground, by the rules of competitions, it should be straight (outstretched).

The modern theoretical and methodical literature contains a significant amount of research devoted to the problems of the theory and methodology of sports training of race walkers and race walking technique, but the definition of a rational ratio of step parameters, namely the length and frequency of steps, at the distance of 20 km for women have been studied insufficiently.

The purpose of the study was to analyze the step parameters of world race walking champion Olga Kaniskina.

Materials and methods. Olga Kaniskina is the first in the history of walking three-time world champion, Olympic champion in 2008 (Beijing) and Honored Master of Sports. Her coach is V.M. Chegin. Step characteristics of O. Kaniskina were determined based on the video from the World Cup in Taegu (Korea) 31.08.2011, walking rate and step length - by the author's methodology with the use of a laptop and special software.

For the methodology of registration of walking rate and step length please refer to the "Track and Field Athletics" journal, №7, 2000, and the author's article concerning Valeriy Spitsyn’s breaking of the world record. 

Statistical processing of the data obtained was made using the author's program of multivariate statistics by B.G. Mirkin, Doctor of Engineering [1].

Table 1. Step characteristics of Olga Kaniskina - world race walking champion 2011 at 20 km distance 1:29.42 s

Kilometers covered

Distance time (s)

Speed (m/s)

Time at 100 m (s)

Step time (s)

Walking rate

(number of steps per min)

Step length (m)

SC

1

292

3,425

29,2

0,306

196,16

1,05

0,659

2

287

3,484

28,7

0,305

196,46

1,06

0,669

3

270

3,704

27,0

0,300

199,90

1,11

0,699

4

284

3,521

28,4

0,295

203,56

1,04

0,653

5

276

3,623

27,6

0,298

201,04

1,08

0,680

6

270

3,704

27,0

0,299

200,36

1,11

0,698

7

284

3,521

28,4

0,300

199,72

1,06

0,665

8

273

3,663

27,3

0,300

199,96

1,10

0,691

9

270

3,704

27,0

0,296

202,86

1,10

0,689

10

270

3,704

27,0

0,297

202,10

1,10

0,692

11

270

3,704

27,0

0,301

199,34

1,11

0,701

12

266

3,759

26,6

0,295

203,67

1,11

0,697

13

256

3,906

25,6

0,291

205,99

1,14

0,716

14

263

3,802

26,3

0,297

202,02

1,16

0,730

15

256

3,906

25,6

0,290

207,03

1,10

0,693

16

261

3,831

26,1

0,298

201,21

1,16

0,733

17

258

3,876

25,8

0,296

202,94

1,13

0,712

18

261

3,831

26,1

0,297

202,12

1,15

0,724

19

258

3,876

25,8

0,295

203,38

1,13

0,711

20

257

3,891

25,7

0,293

204,76

1,14

0,714

Avg.

269,1

3,722

26,91

0,297

201,73

1,107

0,696

Std. dev.

10,93

0,148

1,093

0,004

2,7718

0,036

0,023

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Abbreviation SC stands for step coefficient. Step length to height ratio (height/step length). О. Kaniskina's height - 150 cm., body mass - 41,5 kg.

Results and discussion. As can be seen from Diagram 1, the dynamics of walking pace during the first two kilometers of the distance was below the average distance speed by 7,5%. Then, it was 3, 6, 9, 10, 11 km closer to the average distance speed. Starting from the 12th km, walking pace increases: the speed is the highest at the 13th and 15th km, which, we assume, is due to solution of tactical tasks. Olga Kaniskina covers the final five laps exceeding the average distance speed, and the last kilometer - exceeding it by 4.5%.

Diagram 1. Speed characteristics of О. Kaniskina percentage-wise to the average distance speed by one kilometer parts of the distance (n=20).

Step length is the dominant indicator of sports skills in race walking. O. Kaniskina's step length was equal to 1,11±0,04 m. Fig.1 presents the regression equation by which we can calculate step length according to the indicator of time of passing a kilometer part of the distance.

The regression equation is as follows: Y=a*Т+b

Where, Y- desired quantity, a and  b – regression coefficient.

Т- sport result at 1000 m distance in seconds.

 

Fig.1. Step length (m) versus time of passing of 1000 m part of the distance (s) by О. Kaniskina at 20 km distance.

Table 2. Effective step length vs. time of passing of 1000 m part of the distance by Olga Kaniskina in seconds.

Т 1000 m (min, s)

Т 1000 m (s)

Step lengthа (m)

 

Т 1000 m (min, s)

Т 1000 m (s)

Step length (m)

 

Т 1000 m (min, s)

Т 1000 m (s)

Step length (m)

4:10

250

1,15

 

5:00

300

1,01

 

5:50

350

0,86

4:15

255

1,14

 

5:05

305

0,99

 

5:55

355

0,85

4:20

260

1,12

 

5:10

310

0,98

 

6:00

360

0,83

4:25

265

1,11

 

5:15

315

0,96

 

6:05

365

0,82

4:30

270

1,09

 

5:20

320

0,95

 

6:10

370

0,80

4:35

275

1,08

 

5:25

325

0,93

 

6:15

375

0,79

4:40

280

1,06

 

5:30

330

0,92

 

6:20

380

0,77

4:45

285

1,05

 

5:35

335

0,90

 

6:25

385

0,76

4:50

290

1,03

 

5:40

340

0,89

 

6:30

390

0,74

4:55

295

1,02

 

5:45

345

0,88

 

6:35

395

0,73

In order to hold fast walking pace, except for the step length index, walking rate is also significant as it is an indicator of the athlete's functional fitness. Walking rate is measured in the following values: step time, steps per second, steps per minute.

 

Fig. 2. Walking rate per minute in О. Kaniskina by one kilometer parts of 20 km distance.

Fig. 2 presents the dynamics of walking rate in minutes at 20 km distance. Based on the average data, O. Kaniskina's walking rate equaled 201,73±2,77 steps per minute. It should be noted that at the 14th and 16th kilometers of the distance O. Kaniskina's step length amounted to 1,16 meters and SC - step coefficient approached the critical value.

By their values walking rate and step coefficient of O. Kaniskina are similar to those of male race walkers at 50 km distance [2, 3].

Conclusions. Tactical options of walking the distance can be characterized on the basis of changes in walking speed indicators compared to the average distance speed.

A rational ratio of the length and frequency of steps was proved to be fundamental for a success at the World Cup.

The quantitative characteristics of length and frequency of steps are adduced in the paper. Based on the regression analysis step length was calculated according to the indicator of time of passing a kilometer part of the distance, which is the basis for developing techniques and methods of training.

References

  1. Mirkin, B.G. Opyt primeneniya mnogomernogo statisticheskogo analiza k dannym o sotsial’no-ekonomicheskom razvitii territorial’nykh ob'ektov (Experience of using multivariate statistical analysis of the data on the socio-economic development of the territorial objects / B.G. Mirkin // Ekonomika i mat. metody, 1991, P. 27, Iss.1.
  2. Polozkov, A.G. Mirovoy rekord Valeriya Spitsina (World record of Valery Spitsyn) / A.G. Polozkov // Legkaya atletika. – Moscow, 2000. – № 7.
  3. Polozkov, A.G. Sergey Kirdyapkin. Skorost’, temp i dlina shaga (Chempion mira po khod’be na distantsii 50 km). (Sergey Kirdyapkin. Speed, pace and stride length (world walking champion (50 km) / A.G. Polozkov // Legkaya atletika. – 2009. – № 8. – P. 28–29.

Corresponding author: polozkoval34@gmail.com