A.N. Savel'eva, postgraduate
Tchaikovsky State Institute of Physical Culture, Tchaikovsky

Key words: modeling, sports training, students, dragon boat paddling.

Introduction. Youth (16-22 years) in terms of psychology is a stable period of development; the identity period when the abilities of the preceding period with the subject that used to be children and adult community in adolescence must now become their own abilities of a young person: socially, personally, professionally and spiritually oriented abilities, which help his adequate successful self-determination in the cultural space and historical time, in the environment of personal individuality [2].

However, the problem of adaptation of first-year students to university life is one of the acute general theoretical issues and up to now is a common subject-matter of the discussion, as adaptation is known to be a complex and multifaceted process that requires the involvement of social and biological reserves of a not fully formed yet organism. The relevance of the problem is determined by the objectives of optimization of the process of "entry" of yesterday's schoolboy into the system of intra-university relations [1].

In this regard, the purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the university dragon boat paddling sports club for the development of personal sports culture.

Materials and methods. Personality, activity, dialogic and axiological approaches were among the major conceptual approaches, underlying the design of the researchers' structural and functional model.

The personality and activity approach in its personal component suggests a student himself to be in the focus of learning: his motives, goals, his unique psychological type, that is, student as a personality.

The activity approach implies the freedom of a teenager to choose his goal and plan his sports activities, their organization and regulation, self-control, self-awareness and assessment of his performance.

The dialogic approach promotes the involvement of a teenager in the communication with other people, attainment of the “human” content by a personality.

The unity of the dialogic, personality and activity approaches contributes to the creation of psychological and pedagogical unity, so that the creative process holds one of the leading positions within the framework of the classes along with mutual development and self-development.

The axiological approach is a kind of a “bridge” between theory and practice, meaning that it acts as a communication mechanism between the practical and abstract theoretical levels of knowledge and attitude of a teenager to the outside world (society, nature, culture, oneself).

The program we developed consists of three sections: educational, training, socio-psychological development of a personality, a group of students.

The educational section contains knowledge about the history of development of physical culture and sport, of rowing; the fundamentals of sports training: skills of organizing self-study, self-monitoring and diagnostics methods, the rules of judging.

The structure of the annual cycle of the training section of the program is designed so that exercises for physical strength, mainly in the form of speed-strength training, occupy the leading place in the training process. At the same time special exercises for arm and leg muscles development are the most common. Additionally, there is an extensive program of supporting exercises for the development of mobility, agility and movement coordination. Various forms of running, skiing, swimming and games are dominating.

The socio-psychological section of development of a personality, a group of students includes development of personality traits that define the stable positive attitude towards various aspects of sports life (self-confidence, emotional stability, determination, persistence), humanistic norms accepted in sport, traditions, patterns of behavior, sports lifestyle. Since dragon boat paddling is a team sport, this section includes formation of moral and psychological climate, style, tone of relations in a team.

Performance results in rowing competitions serve as an integral criterion of the development of sports culture of students engaged in the program we have developed for the university sports club. The level of competitive performance, in turn, depends on the level of physical fitness (physical component), the acquired knowledge in the field of  physical culture and rowing, sports skills (informational and operational components), relations between students in a team (socio-psychological component), attitude of an individual towards sports life and activity (motivational component).

The approbation took place at the fitness club “Master” that specializes in rowing and canoeing, dragon boat paddling (Tchaikovsky). The study involved first-year students of Tchaikovsky State Institute of Physical Culture specializing in “Corporate management” and “Safety of living”. The control group (CG) included first-year students of the branch of Perm State Technical University specializing in “Corporate management” who studied Physical Education in accordance with the traditional curriculum.

Study results and discussion. One of the effectiveness parameters of the implemented program for first-year students is the significant (p<0,05) improvement of their overall physical fitness.

At the end of the experiment all subjects of the training process demonstrated positive dynamics in the level of knowledge in the field of physical culture and sport. The mean group quantitative parameters of the knowledge level in the EG increased from 3.0 to 4.5 points (p<0.05); there were also changes in the CG, but these were no more than a tendency.

Conclusion. The results of the experimental work indicate the effectiveness of the proposed model of sports training for students by means of dragon boat paddling within a university sports club, which resulted in the positive changes in physical fitness of students, improved theoretical knowledge in the field of physical culture and sport and motivation to sports activity.

References

1. Alekhin, I.V. Change in the conditions of training of university students and their adaptation within the transformation of the Russian society / I.V. Alekhin // Vestnik Bashkirskogo universiteta. – 2008. – № 2. – P. 366–368. (In Russian)
2. The concept of training of students in Omsk State Pedagogical University. - Omsk, 2009. www.omgpu.ru/sites/default/files/files/structure/omp/conception.pdf (In Russian)
3. Savel'eva, A.N. Value orientations of students' personality in dragon boat paddling / A.N. Savel'eva // Fizicheskaya kultura: vospitanie, obrazovanie, trenirovka. – 2013. – № 5. – P. 45–47. (In Russian)

Corresponding author: janne_07@mail.ru