Table 1. Correlative interrelations between indices of physical fitness of female handball players of masters' team

Table 2. Indices of physical fitness of female handball players of different playing positions in competitive period (Х±σ)

In terms of strength abilities and strength endurance the goalkeepers deliver the best results. On completion of the 40-second push-ups test, their results turned out to be higher than those in the rest playing positions: they had a lead of 10% (р<0,05) as compared to the wings, of 15% (р<0,01) as compared to the backs, of 27% (р<0,001) as compared to the pivots. In this test, the pivots also lagged behind the wings by 20% (р<0,01). During the second strength test "Push-ups and sit-ups", it was the wings who did the exercise the largest number of times, having gotten ahead of the backs by 11% and of the pivots and the goalkeepers - by 4%. However, the diversity of the test results is unreliable.

In the right-handed ball throw test, the goalkeepers exceeded the results of the outfield players: of the wings - by 12%, of the backs and the pivots - by 6%. The backs were the ones to throw the 1 kg ball, double-handed, seated, for the maximum distance, having gotten a lead of 6% as compared to the wings and the pivots, and only of 3% as compared to the goalkeeper (р>0,05).

Fig. 1. Correlation of indices of physical fitness of female handball players of different playing positions from the team under study.

The body length range within female elite handball teams is wide: from 164 cm to 194 cm, and that determines the players' individual characteristics. For this reason, the analysis of physical fitness of female handball players with different body length was conducted: medium height - 165-175 cm, above-average height - 176-180 cm and tall - over 180 cm (Table 2)

Table 3. Indices of physical fitness of female handball players with different body length (Х±σ)

In 30 meter sprint the athletes with medium height are ahead of the tall ones by 6% (р<0,01) and of the ones with above-average height - by 4% (р<0,05), and while dribbling - by 3% and by 4% accordingly.

Based on the results of the test "100-meter shuttle run", it was determined that the females 165-174 cm tall were slightly ahead of both groups of the handball players with different body length, but this diversity is unreliable. And during the 6-minute run, the tall female handball players lagged significantly in general endurance behind both the ones with medium height - by 13% (р<0,001) and the above-average height - by 11%. The female handball players with above-average body length turned out to have a little more endurance as compared to the ones with medium height.

According to the "Jump" test there was no significant difference in explosive leg power in all the groups of female handball players. However, this index is higer in the athletes with medium height who got ahead of the tall ones by 5%, and only by 1% of the players of above average hight.

In accordance with the 40-second push-ups, the strength index is the highest in the female handball players with medium height, they are stronger than the players with above average height by 13% (р<0,05), and the tall ones - by 19% (р<0,01).  During the "Push-ups and sit-ups" the tall athletes were ahead of the ones with medium height by 7%, and above average height - by 10%.

The "1 kg ball throw" test showed that the tall female handball players possess distinctive excellence. By the right-handed throw index they are ahead of the ones with medium height by 10% (р<0,05), and the ones of above average height - by 9% (р>0,05). They are also ahead according to the results of the test "Seated ball throw, double-handed".

Conclusion.

Six major tests can be recommended for control of physical fitness of female handball players. These are "30 meter sprint", "30-meter dribbling", "Jump with no arm swing", "100-meter shuttle run", "40-second push-ups", "1 kg ball throw", which is most similar in the structure to the movement handball throw.

Regarding the role, the pivots were the least fit in speed and strength tests. The wings were the fastest and most extreme players. The goalkeepers, who are already being trained according to the special program, need customizing physical training.

The tall players are lagging behind the short handball players in terms of speed, have lower general and strength endurance, but are ahead of other age groups in the distance of ball throwing. The short athletes were the fastest and the best in jumps, but with smaller capacities of ball throwing. The female handball players with medium height took the intermediate position on completion of the testing, having gotten ahead of both groups in the general endurance index.

While controlling physical fitness of female handball players, the main thing is not to accelerate training of the players with lower indices, but to monitor the dynamics of their getting in shape with due account for their specific features and individual characteristics.

References

1. Alizar, T.A. Individualization of training of elite female handball players goalkeepers: abstract of Ph.D. thesis / T.A. Alizar. – Moscow, 2009. – 24 P. (In Russian)
2. Bukhtiy, L.G. Modeling of the training process of female handball players in view of the specific biological function of the female body: abstract of Ph.D. thesis / L.G. Bukhtiy. – Kiev, 1991. – 21 P. (In Russian)
3. Handball. The program for groups of sports perfection and elite sports skills / Ed. by V.Ya. Ignatieva. – Moscow: Sovetsky sport, 2004. – 90 P. (In Russian)
4. Ignatieva, V.Ya. Standards of physical fitness of elite female handball players of different playing positions in game / V.Ya. Ignatieva, E.O. Savinkov // Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kultury. – 2002. – № 6. – P. 25-26, 39. (In Russian)

Corresponding author: otrada116@mail.ru