PhD A.I. Golovachev¹
PhD V.I. Kolykhmatov¹
PhD S.V. Shirokova¹
PhD, Professor A.A. Grushin^2
1Federal Science Center of Physical Culture and Sport (VNIIFK), Moscow  
²Innovation Center of the Russian Olympic Committee, Moscow

Objective of the study was to study of the dynamics of the development of physical qualities of highly qualified cross-country skiers aged 17-20 years at the stages of the Olympic training cycle.
Methods and structure of the study. The scientific work involved 11 athletes of the junior Russian national cross-country skiing team aged 17-20, with 5 to 8 years of training experience, qualifications from CMS to MS, who participated in staged comprehensive examinations within the framework of the CME program, conducted at the Innovation Center of the Russian Olympic Committee and the Federal Science Center of Physical Culture and Sport (VNIIFK) at the beginning and end of the preparatory period of the 2022-23 and 2023-24 sports seasons. The examination program included an assessment of the level of development of explosive strength of the arm and leg muscles, speed-strength endurance of the arms. The following research methods were used in the work: ergometry with test procedures on a strain gauge platform (performing jumping exercises with maximum power) and a SkiErg, Concept-2 ski ergometer (USA), which ensures the performance of muscle activity in conditions simulating movement in simultaneous moves, heart rate monitoring, and methods of mathematical statistics. The use of test procedures, means and methods of monitoring the studied indicators was carried out on the basis of methodological recommendations developed to assess the development of the leading physical qualities of athletes of the Russian national teams and the nearest reserve.
Results and conclusions. The results of the comparative analysis of the studied parameters show that the peculiarity of the dynamics of the development of the leading physical qualities of cross-country skiers at the end of the preparatory period of the second year of training is the multi-level year-by-year increase in the absolute and relative values ​​of the explosive strength of the arm muscles (work in one movement: Aabs +2,3% and Aotn +1,8%), legs (strength gradient: Jabs +3,5% and Jotn. +3,0%) and speed-strength endurance of the arms (power in the 5PMR test: Nabs +4,3% and Notn +3,9%). At the same time, the elimination of differences in relation to the model level of the 2022 Olympian occurs with a dominant manifestation in the level of explosive strength of the arms (-7,3% and -7,1%, approaching the lower limit of the model level and maintaining a pronounced lag in the level of explosive strength of the legs (-13,4% and -9,6%) and speed-strength endurance of the arms (-13,5% and -9,5%), mainly in absolute value, reflecting its dependence on the total size of the body.

Keywords: cross-country skiers, age period 17-20 years, stages of the Olympic cycle, physical qualities, dynamics of indicators.

References

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