Dr. Biol., Professor I.N. Medvedev¹
PhD O.V. Kotova²
G.B. Ukolova², E.V. Kichigina^3
1Russian State Social University, Moscow
²Southwest State University, Kursk
³Kursk Academy of State and Municipal Service, Kursk

Keywords: gymnastics, heart, myocardium, physical activity, left ventricle of the heart, muscle activity.

Introduction. Systematic muscle activity significantly stimulates the vast majority of vital parameters of the body [1]. This increases the overall adaptive capabilities of the whole body and activates its vital activity [2]. Of serious interest are the consequences of gymnastics in relation to the parameters of cardiac activity at a young age.
The aim of the study is to find out the functional parameters of the heart in young gymnasts.
Methodology and organization of the study. 23 young men (17-21 years old), who have no abnormalities in their health, who have been training in the gymnastics section for at least one year at least twice a week, were taken under observation. The control group included 19 completely healthy young men (17-21 years old) who had not previously engaged in sports. Ultrasound examination of heart structures using SSD‑80 echocardiograph, Aloka (Japan) was performed for all. Mathematical processing of the obtained data was performed by calculating the Student's t-test.
Research results and conclusions. In gymnasts, the diameter of the left atrium showed a tendency to exceed by 7.7% the same indicator in the control group. The diameter of the left ventricle of gymnasts during diastole tended to exceed this value by 5.2% in the control group. The value of myocardial mass in gymnasts exceeded the control level by 21.8%. The volume of cardiac output in both groups was similar. The rate of dilation of the heart in the posterior wall of its left ventricle in gymnasts was 28.5% higher than in the control. The diastolic thickness of the posterior wall of the left ventricle in gymnasts was 19.6% higher than in the control group with a tendency to decrease in their final diastolic cardiac volume by 6.8%. In all the observed young men, the diameter of the left ventricle, its external volume and the volume of its cavity did not differ, which led to a comparability of the state of central hemodynamics. A slight decrease in the ratio of the value of the final volume of the left ventricle during diastole to the value of its mass (0.71 ± 0.14) in gymnasts indicates the prevalence of hypertrophy phenomena in their left ventricle over dilation processes.
Gymnastic exercises stimulate the work of the heart and optimize general hemodynamics. Gymnastics most clearly affects the activity of the left parts of the heart while maintaining their normal volume and optimal diastolic relaxation of the left ventricle.

Literature

1. Zavalishina S.Yu. Functional features of erythrocytes in healthy young people who do not exercise physically / S.Yu. Zavalishina, T.S. Fadeeva // Bulletin of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. Series: Ecology and life safety. - 2011. – No. 2. – pp. 55-62.
2. Kiperman Ya.V. Activity of blood plates in young people under the influence of moderate regular physical activity / Ya.V. Kiperman, S.Yu. Zavalishina, N.V. Kutafina // Modern problems of science and education. – 2014. – No. 6. – p. 1413.