Dr. Hab., Professor V.P. Guba^{1, 3}
Dr. Biol., Professor S.P. Levushkin^{1, 4}
PhD, Associate Professor V.V. Marynich²
PhD, Associate Professor O.B. Sokovikov^5
1Russian State University of Physical Education, Sports, Youth and Tourism (SCOLIPE), Moscow
²Polessky State University, Pinsk, Belarus
³Smolensk State University, Smolensk
⁴Institute of Developmental Physiology, Moscow
⁵Russian State Agrarian Correspondence University, Balashikha, Moscow Region

Objective of the study was to analyze the respiratory system functionality in the cyclic sports elite in the clinically monitored post-COVID-19 rehabilitation periods to offer training system customization options sensitive to the respiratory system health conditions.
Methods and structure of the study We sampled for the study the 19-22 year-old cyclic sports elite (n=16, including 6 males and 10 females) qualified CMS, MS and WCMS. The sample was tested four times per day as follows:  (1) morning test; (2) post-aerobic-training test; (3) post-high-intensity (sub-maximal) anaerobic training test; and (4) rehabilitation-period test using a portable electrochemical NO-analyzer (NObreath, Bedfont Scientific Ltd.). The bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis diagnosed individuals were excluded from the sample.
Results and conclusion. An individual training system will be prudently managed with the workouts customized to the energy corridor of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism. There are good reasons to believe that the post-COVID-19 regress is due to a sort of ‘energy pits’ with the athlete being unable to attain the pre-disease workloads within the anaerobic zone with the required anaerobic power. Premature transition in the anaerobic energy supply range in the early training process stages may expose the athletes to overstress risks, with regresses in the functional fitness.
The study found the elite cyclic sports sample being less tolerant to trainings within the anaerobic metabolism zone; and for this reason we recommended the training system being prudently customized to make a special emphasis on the aerobic capacity development practices dominated by breathing exercises including those facilitated by breath training machines.

Keywords: qualified athletes, functional state, coronavirus infection, respiratory disorders, prevention.

References

1. Avdeev S.N. Pnevmoniya i ostryy respiratorny distress-sindrom, vyzvannye virusom grippa A [Influenza A virus pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome]. H1N1. Pulmonologiya. Application. 2010. No.1. pp. 32-46.
2. Bilichenko T.N., Chuchalin A.G. Zabolevaemost i smertnost naseleniya Rossii ot ostrykh respiratornykh virusnykh infektsiy, pnevmonii i vaktsinoprofilaktika [Morbidity and mortality of Russian population from acute respiratory viral infections, pneumonia and vaccine prevention]. Terapevticheskiy arkhiv. 2018. V. 90. No. 1. pp. 22-26.
3. Galkin A.A., Demidova V.S. Tsentralnaya rol neytrofilov v patogeneze sindroma ostrogo povrezhdeniya legkikh (ostry respiratorny distress-sindrom) [Central role of neutrophils in pathogenesis of acute lung injury syndrome (acute respiratory distress syndrome)]. Uspeikhi sovremennoy biologii. 2014. V. 134. No. 4. pp. 377-394.
4. Guba V.P., Marinych V.V. Teoriya i metodika sovremennykh sportivnykh issledovaniy [Theory and methodology of modern sports research]. Moscow: Sport publ., 2016. 232 p.
5. Barnes P., Kharitonov S. Exhaled nitric oxide: a new lung function test. // Thorax, 1996; 51: рр. 233-237.
6. Leone A., Gustafsson L., Francis P., Persson M., Wiklund N., Moncada S. Nitric oxide is present in exhaled breath in humans: direct GC-MS confirmation. // Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1994; 201: рр. 883-887.