Dr. Hab., Associate Professor A.S. Makhov¹
Dr. Med., Dr. Hab., Professor I.N. Medvedev^1
1Russian State Social University, Moscow

Keywords: sports walking, hiking, rehabilitation, lungs, bronchi, bronchial asthma, adolescence.

Introduction. The cardiorespiratory system is very vulnerable, especially at a young age [1]. A very common disease of lung diseases is bronchial asthma. The search for options for improving rehabilitation for this pathology in adolescence remains relevant [2].
The aim of the study was to determine the health-improving possibilities of sports walking in adolescents with bronchial asthma.
Methodology and organization of the study. 35 adolescents aged 13-14 years, who were diagnosed with moderate bronchial asthma without respiratory failure, were taken under observation. They formed an experimental group. The control group consisted of 20 healthy adolescents of the same age.
In the experimental group, daily sports walking sessions of at least 90 minutes a day on flat terrain were used for one year.
In the study, standard spirogram parameters were recorded using a spirograph SMP-21/01-"R-D" (Monitor company, Russia). The results of the Stange and Genchi tests, the value of the Skibinsky index, and the value of the chest excursion were taken into account. Statistical data processing was carried out using the Student's t-test.
The results of the study and their discussion. After a year of rehabilitation in the experimental group, the vital capacity of the lungs increased by 21.0 % and reached the value characteristic of the control. The volume of forced vital capacity of the lungs in these adolescents increased by 23.5 %, also equaling the control. At the end of the observation, the volume of forced exhalation for 1 s in the experimental group increased by 23.5 %, reaching the control.
As a result of rehabilitation in the experimental group, the minute volume of breathing was normalized (decreased by 23.3 %) and the maximum ventilation of the lungs (increased by 15.9%). This was accompanied by an increase in the peak volume velocity by 56.0 %, an increase to the control level of the average value of the maximum volume velocity at 25, 50 and 75 % of the volume of the forced vital capacity of the lungs. In the experimental group, after the rehabilitation, the results of hypoxic tests, the Skibinsky index and the value of the chest excursion increased to the control level.
Conclusion. Daily sports walking classes throughout the year eliminated the existing respiratory disorders in adolescents with bronchial asthma. Sports training contributed to the elimination of these adolescents ' tendency to bronchial spasm, optimized the breathing process and increased the overall resistance of the body.

References

1. Kachenkova E.S., Zavalishina S.Y., Makurina O.N., Kulkova I.V., Tkacheva E.S. Physiological Reaction of the Cardiovascular System of Men 50-59 Years to Feasible Regular Physical Activity. Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal. 2020; 13 (4): 1719-1727. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2046.
2. Zavalishina S.Y., Karpov V.Y., Eremin M.V., Bakulina E.D., Boldov A.S., Dorontsev A.V. Optimization of Physiological Processes in Conditions Staged Activation of Motor Activity in Cardiac Patients. Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal. 2020; 13 (4): 1653-1658.DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/2040.