PhD, Associate Professor O.S. Zdanovich¹
PhD, Associate Professor V.V. Zebzeev^1
1Tchaikovsky State Institute of Physical Culture, Tchaikovsky

Keywords: model, theoretical and practical provisions, sports reserve training, winter sports, physical education and sports.

Background. For the last few years, the national government has made great progress in the modern sports infrastructure development policies, practices and projects of multiple benefits for many sports disciplines. Upon commissioning, many new sports assets were granted to the physical education universities, and these grants have indirectly encouraged the interest of the academic faculties in the theoretical and practical provisioning service for the sports trainings. It should be mentioned, however, that Federal Law No. 329 “On Physical Education and Sports in the Russian Federation” of December 4, 2007 made no provisions for the theoretical and practical provisioning related research in the academic system. And it was only on 02.06.2016 that it was amended to allow faculties of the physical education and sports universities founded by the Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation run the theoretical and practical provisioning related research to improve the sports training systems [4]. The amendment made it possible for Tchaikovsky State Institute of Physical Culture (TSIPC) to run the theoretical and practical provisioning research projects at the A.A. Danilov Federal Winter Sports Center ‘Snezhinka’ (FWSCS) in Tchaikovsky city to advance the winter sports training systems [1, 3].

Objective of the study was to develop and test benefits of a new theoretical and practical provisioning model for winter sport reserve training systems.

Results and discussion. Since the FWSCS was commissioned and granted to TSIPC, the TSIPC management decided to establish a Theoretical and Practical Provisioning Department to meet the demand from the ski jumping, Nordic combined, biathlon and cross-country skiing communities for modern theoretical and practical provisioning service. The Theoretical and Practical Provisioning Department runs its theoretical and practical provisioning projects to improve the winter sports reserve training systems based on requests from the ski jumping, Nordic combined, biathlon and cross-country skiing communities on initiatives of the relevant legal entities or individual coaches/ athletes. The list of the theoretical and practical provisioning initiating legal entities include: at the federal level, Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation, Federation of Ski Jumping and Nordic Combined; at the regional level: Physical Education and Sports Ministry of the Perm Territory and its reporting institutions responsible for winter sports in the area; and at the municipal level: different sports companies/ services based in Tchaikovsky city and suburbs. The theoretical and practical provisioning initiating individual entities include heads of sports companies/ organizations, coaches and athletes.

The TSIPC Theoretical and Practical Provisioning Department has developed the new theoretical and practical provisioning model for the winter sports reserve training based on comprehensive analyses of the special literature and regulatory documents and on own extensive theoretical and practical provisioning research experience: see Figure 1. The new theoretical and practical provisioning model for the winter sports reserve training was complemented by an efficient progress test program that, on the one hand, fully employs the research/ test resource of the TSIPC; and, on the other hand, was designed on a sport-specific basis to yield athletic fitness test data in every fitness category and progress domain. The winter sports samples were subject to regular current and interim progress tests plus competitive fitness tests under the study.

Figure 1. Theoretical and practical provisioning model for the winter sports reserve training: Nordic combined

                   Test data processing and analysis using the information database

To facilitate the health/ athletic progress test data accumulation and processing service, the TSIPC Theoretical and Practical Provisioning Department has developed an information database – with its Nordic combined element presented in the above Figure 1. The information database-assisted tests and analyses were given to the coaches for consideration with recommendations on how the individual multiannual training systems could be improved. The TSIPC Theoretical and Practical Provisioning Department in its turn have used the test data to advance the theoretical and practical provisioning models for every discipline and athletic fitness category and generate study reports with the progress profiling tests and analyses and special recommendations for the coaches on how the training systems need to be managed and corrected when necessary [2].

Thus the theoretical and practical provisioning service in the beginner training stage was found to effectively balance and harmonize the physical progress of the beginner athletes and contribute to their competitive progresses; in the progress (up to 2 years of trainings) training stage, it was found to help purposefully develop the critical physical qualities and improve the technical skills trainings with a special priority to the stress tolerance aspects; in the excellence (2+ years) training stage, it was found beneficial for emphasized progress in specific physical qualities and functional aspects and for technical/ tactical excellence trainings.

The theoretical and practical provisioning research findings for the winter sports by T.V. Fendel, V.N. Chumakov, A.E. Ardashev, A.I. Popova, V.A. Vetrov, N.A. Zekrina, G.Yu. Prokopenko, B.L. Batakov, A.S. Finogenov et al. have been reported in the following documents:

- “Innovative technologies for training system design and management in elite Nordic combined sport” (approved by the Ministry of Sports and Tourism Order No. 1684 dated December 27, 2011);

- “Comprehensive ski jumping training system design and management” (approved by the Ministry of Sports and Tourism Order No. 1027 dated December 17, 2014);

- “Effective sports reserve training model for ski jumping and Nordic combined in the Perm Territory developed by the TSIPC Theoretical and Practical Provisioning Department” (approved on October 24, 2017 by the Ministry of Sports’ Coordination Group for Experimental and Innovative Physical Education and Sports Chairman);

- “Fitness tests method for ski jumping and Nordic combined sports” (approved by the Ministry of Sports Order No. 1034 dated December 14, 2018); and

- Sports and Education Cluster “Sporting Way Victory”, an innovative Nordic combined training service (approved by the Ministry of Sports Order No. 358 dated April 29, 2019).

Conclusion. The new theoretical and practical provisioning model for winter sport reserve training systems developed by the TSIPC Theoretical and Practical Provisioning Department was tested beneficial and recommended for application in the long-term winter sports training systems.

References

1. Abalyan A.G., Myakinchenko E.B., Kryuchkov A.S. et al. Scientific and methodological support of elite Paralympic athletes' training management system. Teoriya i praktika fiz. kultury. 2016. no. 5. pp. 70-72.
2. Zebzeev V.V. Information database of training of cross-country skiers of various qualifications. Uchenye zapiski universiteta im. P. F. Lesgafta. 2015. no. 6 (124). pp. 75-79.
3. Pavlenko Yu., Kozlova N. Scientific and methodological support for training Olympic athletes. Nauka v olimpiyskom sporte. 2013. no. 2. pp. 73-79.
4. Cherkashin V.P., Fomichenko T.G., Stepyko D.G. Current trends in scientific and methodological support for training of elite Olympic and Paralympic athletes. Vestnik sportivnoy nauki. 2016. no. 5. pp. 12-14.

Corresponding author: zebzeev85@mail.ru

Abstract

Objective of the study was to develop and test benefits of a new theoretical and practical provisioning model for winter sport reserve training systems.

Methods and structure of the study. The following methods were applied to develop the model: analysis of literary and documentary sources, theoretical modeling. The theoretical development of the model was carried out by the scientists of FSBEI HE Tchaikovsky State Institute of Physical Culture from 2010 to 2011. It has been tested and experimental at the premises of the Federal Training Center for Winter Sports "Snezhinka" from 2012 to the present. During the study, we have examined more than 500 athletes involved in ski jumping, Nordic combined, cross-country skiing and biathlon.

Results and conclusions. We developed the model theoretical and practical provisioning model for winter sport reserve training process of ski jumpers, Nordic combined skiers, biathlonists and cross-country skiers. The most important content-related components of the model are as follows: 1) the program of pedagogical control, which ensures regular operational, ongoing, stage examinations of athletes, as well as examinations of their competitive activity; 2) processing of obtained data on the conditions and fitness levels of athletes using a computer information database; 3) transfer of the athletes’ test rates to their coaches; 4) taking grounded decisions by a coach in terms of management of the long-term training of sports reserve in Winter Sports.

The results of application of the presented model contributed to the development of Winter Sports in the Perm territory. The results of the theoretical and practical provisioning of athletic training are reflected in the reports made within the framework of the state tasks, research and development projects, competitions of promising scientific projects and grants on various topics in the field of ski jumping and Nordic combined.