PhD  T.A. Kheruvimova¹
PhD, Associate Professor T.V. Kugusheva^1
1Tchaikovsky State Institute of Physical Culture, Tchaikovsky

Keywords: artistic gymnastics, physical training, training process, initial training stage, circuit training method.

Background. Nowadays, the improvement of the gymnastics training process is still a relevant issue, which needs to be solved through the use of various effective means and methods following the world trends and prospects for the development of this sport.

Objective of the study was to show by experiments the effectiveness of application of the circuit training method at the initial stage of training of young gymnasts.

Methods and structure of the study. The experimental base of the study was the Municipal Budgetary Institution of Supplementary Education "Children and Youth Sports School" in Votkinsk, the Udmurt Republic, department of artistic gymnastics. The study was conducted from 2017 through 2018 and involved the 7-8 year-old male gymnasts of the initial training group (n=30). Proceeding from the analysis of the scientific and pedagogical literature, we developed a total of 20 sets of control tests [2]. These test sets included special exercises to be used in the preparatory and main parts of the training session. The Experimental Group (EG) gymnasts were trained under the approved program using the control test method 3 times a week for 90 min.

The test sets included 8 stations for practices for different muscle groups. The exercises were selected based on the individual capabilities of the examined gymnasts. The control battery tests included exercises of different orientation, where priority was given to exercises to develop strength, speed-strength qualities, and flexibility since at this age the greatest increase in physical fitness rates is observed [1].

The Control Group (CG) gymnasts were also trained under the approved program 3 times a week for 90 min but without the use of the control tests.

As with the Federal Sports Training Standard for artistic gymnastics, we used the qualifying standards (tests) of overall and special physical training, other sports-related qualifying standards. Since these standards (tests) do not include a point rating, we considered the test performance/ failure ratio (%) [3, 1].

Results and discussion.  The level of development of the strength and speed-strength qualities was determined in the following tests: 20 m run, 2x10 m shuttle run, and standing long jump, the results of which are presented in Table 1.

Table 1. Results of development of strength and speed-strength qualities in EG and CG (beginning and end of experiment)

- "20 m run" test results: when we come down to the dynamics of the test results at the end of the experiment, both the CG and EG subjects demonstrated a positive shift: in the CG, the number of gymnasts who passed the test increased by 47%, and the number of those who failed dropped to 13%. In the EG, the percentage of those who passed the test increased by 53%, and there was not a single gymnast who failed the test;

• "2x10 m shuttle run": the dynamics of the test results at the end of the experiment were positive in both the CG and EG: in the CG, there was a 34% increase in the number of participants who passed the test, and only 33% failed it. In the EG, the rate of those who passed the test increased by 60%, while the number of those who failed was 7%;

• "standing long jump" test results: the dynamics of the test results at the end of the experiment both in the CG and EG were positive. In the CG, the number of participants who passed the test increased by 27%, while the number of those who failed decreased to 40%, while in the EG 57% more gymnasts passed the test, and the number of those who failed dropped to 20%.

The following tests were selected to rate the subjects’ strength abilities: "Pull-ups on the crossbar from the hanging position"; "Push-ups"; "Wall bar hanging leg raises to a 90 degree angle"; "Wall bar hanging leg raises with fixing a 90 degree angle". The test results are presented in Table 2.

Table 2. Results of development of strength qualities in EG and CG (beginning and end of experiment)

• "Pull-ups on the crossbar from the hanging position": the number of athletes who passed the test increased by 14% in the CG and by 20% in the EG;
• "Push-ups": there was an increase in both the CG (47%) and EG (73%). According to the results presented, the increase in the EG was greater;
• "Wall bar hanging leg raises with fixing a 90 degree angle": the young gymnasts of the EG demonstrated a greater increase - by 53%, whereas in the CG - by 46%.

The following tests were selected to test the athletes’ flexibility: "Bending with knees straight (fixing the position for at least 3 sec)"; "Bridge stretch (fixing the position for at least 5 sec)".

Fig. 1 illustrates the dynamics of the "Bending with knees straight" test results in the CG and EG at the beginning and at the end of the experiment.

Fig. 1. "Bending with knees straight" test result dynamics.

As Fig. 1 illustrates, both the CG and EG subjects demonstrated a positive shift at the end of the experiment: 53% more CG athletes completed the test, and no one who failed. At the same time, in the EG, there was a 60% increase in the number of young gymnasts who passed the test, and no one who failed.

The dynamics of the "Bridge stretch" test results (Fig. 2) showed a positive shift at the end of the experiment in both the CG and EG: in the CG there was a 53% increase in the number of participants who passed the test, while 20% failed. In the EG, the number of those who were able to fulfill the test increased by 73%, and there were no athletes who failed.

Fig. 2. "Bridge stretch" test result dynamics

At the end of the educational experiment, we evaluated the results of the obligatory technical program, which was to be fulfilled during the master drill or competitions. The young gymnasts were to fulfill the obligatory program for the III junior category developed by the Artistic Gymnastics Federation of Russia for the 7-8 year-olds. The obligatory program consists of the all-round gymnastics exercises for men: "floor exercises", "pommel horse", "still rings", "horse vault", "parallel bars", "high bar". The obligatory technical program for the III junior category is considered to have been completed with a total of at least 48 points.

Based on the results of the master drill, 14 young gymnasts of the EG (93.3%) were able to fulfill the obligatory technical program, only one person (6.7%) failed. In the CG, the results were much lower: 11 young gymnasts (73.3%) scored above 48 points, and 4 (26.7%) failed.

Conclusion. The presented results indicate the effectiveness of training of young gymnasts at the initial training stage, based on the application of the circuit training method. The analysis of the study findings revealed that at the end of the experiment, the increase of indicators was significantly higher among the young gymnasts of the EG (p<0.05). The positive dynamics of the research results indicated that the use of the circuit method in the training process helps increase the level of physical fitness of young gymnasts at the initial training stage.

References

1. Alaeva L.S., Klevtsov K.G., Zyabreva T.I. Gymnastics: General developmental exercises. Study guide. Omsk: SibSUPC publ., 2017. 72 p.
2. Guba V.P., Leontieva M.S., Arkhipova S.A., Egorov V.N. Priority application of circuit training method in physical education classes at humanitarian universities. Izvestiya TulGU. Fizicheskaya kultura. Sport. 2017. no. 1. pp.  14-23.
3. Federal standard for sports training in gymnastics sport (approved by the order of the Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation of October 27, 2017 No. 935). [Electronic resource]. Available at: http://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_283961/ (date of access: 25.10.2019).

Corresponding author: fendel82@mail.ru

Abstract

Objective of the study was to show by experiments the effectiveness of application of the circuit training method at the initial stage of training of young gymnasts.

Methods and structure of the study. The experimental base of the study was the Municipal Budgetary Institution of Supplementary Education "Children and Youth Sports School" in Votkinsk, the Udmurt Republic, department of artistic gymnastics. The study was conducted from 2017 through 2018 and involved the 7-8 year-old male gymnasts of the initial training group (n=30). The article presents the results of the educational experiment on testing the circuit training method, which was implemented in the process of training of the Experimental Group (EG) subjects for 36 weeks. A total of 74 training sessions were conducted using the circuit training method. The circular training was carried out using the method of interval work with the standard duration of rest breaks during exercises at the stations and when changing them, where a strict order was ensured.

Results and conclusions. According to the results of the master drill, 14 young gymnasts of the EG (93.3%) were able to complete the mandatory technical program, only 1 student (6.7%) could not cope with it. In the CG, the performance rate was much lower: 11 young gymnasts (73.3%) demonstrated the results above 48 points, 4 students (26.7%) did not cope with this task.

The presented results indicate the effectiveness of training of young gymnasts at the initial training stage, based on the application of the circuit training method. The analysis of the study findings revealed that at the end of the experiment, the increase of indicators was significantly higher among the young gymnasts of the EG (p<0.05). The positive dynamics of the research results indicated that the use of the circuit method in the training process helps increase the level of physical fitness of young gymnasts at the initial training stage.