Skill-level-specific physical fitness model for winter polyathlon

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PhD, Associate Professor O.V. Ilyushin1, 2
PhD, Associate Professor F.G. Gazizov1
N.A. Kolochanova1
I.I. Basirov1
E.M. Mukhametzyanov1
1Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan
2Kazan State Power Engineering University, Kazan

Keywords: polyathlon, strength, speed, speed-strength, skill level, special strength training tools, physical fitness, Candidate Master of Sport, Master of Sport.

Background. Modern winter polyathlon includes shooting, pull-ups (men), prone push-ups (women), and cross-country ski race. It is rather traditional for the modern polyathlon training systems to give special attention to the special strength training tools geared to (1) secure the best individual physical fitness control scenarios as dictated by the seasonal events; and (2) secure progress in the specific event/ skill set [5]. These requirements have largely changed the training traditions, particularly in the elite sport division. And it is only natural that the advanced training systems require sets of special strength and speed-strength progress tests to control the individual progresses by the test exercises [1-4, 6-8].

Objective of the study was to analyze benefits of a skill-level-specific special strength and speed-strength training model for elite polyathlon.

Methods and structure of the study. The experiment was carried out at the Department of Physical Education of Kazan State Power Engineering University. The subjects were tested during the competitions, when their physical and physiological possibilities were maximized. Sampled for the study were 20 qualified athletes (males): Class I - 11 subjects; Candidate Masters of Sport and Masters of Sport - 9 subjects, who were divided into 2 subgroups according to their qualifications.)

The model testing experiment was timed to a competitive cycle when the sampled athletes were subject to a few strength and speed-strength tests. The strength tests included the carpal dynamometry tests and suspension and pull-ups tests on a horizontal bar. And the speed-strength qualities were tested by the traditional standing long jump and 1min jumping rope test.

Results and discussion. The strength progress tests found growth in the winter polyathlon sample, with the carpal strength tested to significantly (p≤0.05) grow from 53.36kg in Class I group to 61.22kg in the CMS/ MS group – that means 14.83% progress. The pull-ups test found growth from 36.36 times in Class I group to 43.22 times in the CMS/ MS group (p≤0.05), i.e. the 18.89% progress. And the straight arms suspension test showed growth from 182.36s in the Class I group to 211.67s in the CMS/ MS group (p≤0.05), i.e. the 16.1% progress.

The speed-strength test data and analyses showed significant progress in every of the three tests with the skills growth from Class I to CMS/ MS (p≤0.05). Thus in the standing long jump tests, the sample made progress from 243.2cm in the Class I group to 247.56cm in the CMS/ MS group (p>0.05), i.e. 1.87%. About the same progress of 1.26% was found in the 1min jumping rope test: from 175.45 times to 177.67 times (p>0.05), respectively. Having analyzed the speed-strength progress data, we should note that the progress was mostly skills-unspecific (р>0.05), albeit the highly-skilled athletes still showed notably more consistent speed-strength progress on the whole.

Having analyzed the pre- versus post-experimental tests in the skill-level-specific special strength and speed-strength training model for elite polyathlon groups testing experiment, we found the model beneficial. The model and test data may be recommended for application in the annual training cycle planning [5, 7-9].

Conclusion. In the course of muscle training, the strength fitness rates in Candidate Masters of Sport and Masters of Sport were considerably higher than in Class I athletes. The speed-strength indicators in Candidate Masters of Sport and Masters of Sport did not differ significantly in comparison with those Class I athletes. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that in the planning of training loads in the annual training cycle, it is important to maintain the achieved level of performance of motor actions and on this basis develop the speed-strength qualities, thus increasing their effectiveness, which will further on lead to the achievement of high sports results and more stable competitive performance.

References

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Corresponding author: ilushin-oleg@mail.ru

Abstract

Objective of the study was to analyze benefits of a skill-level-specific special strength and speed-strength training model for elite polyathlon.

Methods and structure of the study. The experiment was carried out at the Department of Physical Education of Kazan State Power Engineering University. The subjects were tested during the competitions, when their physical and physiological possibilities were maximized. Sampled for the study were 20 qualified athletes (males): Class I - 11 subjects; Candidate Masters of Sport and Masters of Sport - 9 subjects, who were divided into 2 subgroups according to their qualifications.) The model testing experiment was timed to a competitive cycle when the sampled athletes were subject to a few strength and speed-strength tests. The strength tests included the carpal dynamometry tests and suspension and pull-ups tests on a horizontal bar. And the speed-strength qualities were tested by the traditional standing long jump and 1min jumping rope test.

Results and conclusions. In the course of muscle training, the strength fitness rates in Candidate Masters of Sport and Masters of Sport were considerably higher than in Class I athletes. The speed-strength indicators in Candidate Masters of Sport and Masters of Sport did not differ significantly in comparison with those Class I athletes. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that in the planning of training loads in the annual training cycle, it is important to maintain the achieved level of performance of motor actions and on this basis develop the speed-strength qualities, thus increasing their effectiveness, which will further on lead to the achievement of high sports results and more stable competitive performance.