Differentiated sports training of marathon swimmers for open water competitions based on types of energy metabolism

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Dr.Hab., Professor A.E. Bolotin1
PhD, Associate Professor V.V. Bakaev1
Dr. Med., Professor K.J.van Zwieten2
PhD, Associate Professor O.E. Ponimasov3
K.V. Motovichev4

1Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg
2University of Hasselt, Diepenbeck, Belgium
3Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, St. Petersburg
4St. Petersburg University of State Fire Service of Emercom of Russia, Saint Petersburg

Objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of the specialized sports training in open water swimming based on the types of energy metabolism.
Methods and structure of the study. The experiment involved the 17-20 year-old athletes (n=20) - Masters of Sport specializing in open water swimming in the distance of 5 and 25 km. Depending on the type of energy metabolism, 4 study groups were formed to test the developed training modes: aerobic type, anaerobic type, mixed type, without reference to the type of energy supply of the work. The experiment lasted 6 weeks of special preparatory practices. The specialized training means and methods were developed for each group of athletes depending on the peculiarities of the mechanism of energy supply for muscular activity.
Results and conclusions. The study found that in swimmers with the aerobic energy supply, pace endurance should be developed  using a standard-continuous exercise method, while speed endurance - using a repetitive training method. In those with the anaerobic type of energy supply, pace endurance should be developed by an interval exercise method, and speed endurance - by a non-limiting effort method with a normalized number of repetitions of distance segments. In   swimmers with the mixed type of energy supply, pace endurance should be developed using the variable training method, while speed endurance - using a combination of repetitive training method with a non-limiting effort method with a normalized number of repetitions of distance segments.

Keywords: marathon swimmers, open water, training method, types of energy metabolism.

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