O.G. Litovchenko, professor, Dr.Biol.

N.V. Mirzoeva, postgraduate student Surgut state university of Khanty- Mansiisk autonomous region - Ugra, Surgut

 

Key words: stabilometry, natives of the Middle Ob region.

The essential shifts in the state of health of children and teenagers having occurred in the last decades are associated with the increase of wide-spread functional disturbances and chronic illnesses, deterioration of physical development and fitness indices [2].

Khanty-Mansiisk autonomous region - Ugra is situated in the center of Western Siberia, representing a specific climatogeographic zone, where human body is unfavorably affected by a number of natural and anthropogenic factors. Long severe winter is accompanied by shortage of motor activity which is a key factor of growth, development and formation of children's and teenagers' health [3].

Formation of children’s motor function is determined by maturity of musculoskeletal system and higher centers of motor control. Children’s coordination of voluntary moves improves essentially by the age of 11-12. Movements get more diverse and accurate, acquire smoothness and harmony. The increase of the control role of cerebral cortex creates favorable preconditions for purposeful effect of physical exercises on development of motor qualities. In this period children are capable of performing purposeful specialized movements. They need conscious coordination of body motor abilities for this, necessarily ensuring body balance [1, 4]. Balance control when standing is known as a dynamic process. The standing person’s body makes sometimes hardly visible and sometimes easy-to-see oscillatory motions in different planes close to some mean position. The characteristics of oscillations: their amplitude, frequency, direction and mean position in the bearing area projection, sensitive parameters of the state of various systems involved in the balance control [5].

The purpose of the study was to examine the features of postural balance of 11-12-year-old schoolchildren of the Middle Ob region in respect to the level of motor activity.

Materials and methods. The 11-12-year-olds of Surgut educational institutions from the I and II medical groups were involved in the study, distributed into experimental group of children regularly doing sports and control group of children not attending any extra sports clubs except for school classes of physical culture. The study was carried out in a separate sound-proof laboratory face to face. Prior to the examination subjects had their height, clinical trial breadth (spina iliaca anterior superior distance), foot length and breadth, ankle-forefoot distance measured.

Nowadays the method of stabilometry is used more often to analyze the upright posture balance and a number of transient processes via recording of position, oscillations and other characteristics of bearing area projection of common center of gravity. Today the monitoring of human body functional state based on the means and methods of computer based stabilometry has no alternatives by comfort and time of examination, high sensitivity to oscillations of functional status, potential of formation of individual and group standards [1].

We conducted our researches with the use of the stabilometric computerized complex “MBN-STABILO”. We used numerous characteristics dominant at estimation of static and dynamic balancing, specifically: absolute location of center of pressure (CP), in this case the characteristics related to coordinate system – Х and У (mm); peak oscillation of common center of gravity (CCG) in the frontal plane (Aх, mm); peak oscillation of CCG in the sagittal plane (Aу, mm); length of statokinesiogram (L, mm); average speed center of pressure (V, mm/s); average area of statokinesiogram (S, mm²); coefficient of dynamic stabilization (St, mm²/s). 

The values of stabilometric characteristics we obtained conform to the standard for the European variant of foot planting [5] and indicate to insufficient load displacement of load to the left in children of the control and experimental groups (Tables 1, 2).

Table 1. The basic stabilometric indicators (M±m) of the 11-12-year-old girls of Surgut with different physical activity (time of recording – 30 s)

Stabilometric indicators	Girls, control group, n=22		Girls, experimental group, n=18
	Eyes open	Eyes closed	Eyes open	Eyes closed
X	-2,07±0,68	-1,61±0,79	-1,29±1,21	-0,92±1,28
Y	-77,60±3,48	-75,23±3,43	-71,76±4,06	-69,55±3,66
Ах	13,99±1,03	22,90±1,70	12,68±0,88	23,09±1,85
Ау	16,35±1,24	25,20±1,65	15,13±0,68	24,07±1,36
L	307,51±10,86*	479,86±27,84	260,41±11,02*	422,52±20,16
V	10,25±0,36**	16,45±0,89	8,87±0,29**	14,27±0,61
S	70,23±5,91	218,58±24,79	75,14±6,99	180,14±17,95
St	0,34±0,01***	0,55±0,03	0,30±0,01***	0,48±0,02

Note: *, **, *** - significant differences, p <0,05

Table 2. The basic stabilometric indicators (M±m) of the 11-12-year-old boys of Surgut with different physical activity (time of recording – 30 s)

Stabilometric indicators	Boys, control group, n=26		Boys, experimental group, n=19
	Eyes open	Eyes closed	Eyes open	Eyes closed
X	-2,08±1,03	-2,64±0,85	-1,52±1,36	-1,72±1,45
Y	-73,88±3,07	-74,80±3,25	-66,95±4,67	-70,18±4,29
Ах	14,99±0,74	19,81±1,25	12,94±0,89	20,38±1,94
Ау	17,91±1,13	24,37±1,66	16,63±1,09	26,07±1,92
L	358,90±16,55*	472,27±19,88	312,43±14,59*	469,57±32,26
V	11,96±0,55**	15,74±0,66	10,41±0,49**	15,13±0,86
S	108,17±12,69	186,45±18,50	85,13±10,33	196,58±27,36
St	0,40±0,02***	0,52±0,02	0,35±0,02***	0,52±0,04

Note: *, **, *** - significant differences, p<0,05

The dynamic balance indicator is a composite index of body linear and angular displacement. The indicators of length of statokinesiogram, velocity of CP and dynamic balance indicator with eyes open differ significantly among the children of the studied groups depending on motor activity, indicating to significance of visual analyzer in body balance control in the children aged 11-12. Not only the values of stabilometric characteristics, but also their variability increase during studies with eyes closed. 

As follows from the research results, static and dynamic balancing is expressed and directed differently depending on gender and physical activity. Static and dynamic balancing as a criterion of teenagers' functional status is directly correlated with motor activity and functional status.

All in all, the analysis of stabilometric indicators promoted allocation of the more remarkable static and dynamic balancing in girls, than in boys. 

The problem of studies of static and dynamic balancing among children and teenagers of our region consists in the lack of some age and regional standards the obtained results can be compared with. Consequently, further detailed study of static and dynamic balancing is required with the use of hardware research methods.

References

1. Akzhigitov, R.F. Perspectives of the use of the complex "Stabilan" for testing athletes / R.F. Akzhigitov// Izvestiya Yuzhnogo federal'nogo universiteta, Tekhnicheskie nauki. – 2010. – № 8. – P. 8–12. (In Russian)
2. Zhvavy, N.F. Ecological-anthropological aspects of individual changes of morphotype of children of Tyumen North / N.F. Zhvavy, P.G. Koinosov, S.A. Orlov, AP. Koinosov // Morfologiya. – 2011. – V. 140. – № 5. – P. 27–30. (In Russian)
3. Koinosov, A.P. Morphofunctional characteristics of the body of children going in for sports in the North / AP. Koinosov // Proceedings of All-Rus. theor.-pract. conf. February, 15 2008 "Acute problems of physical culture and healthy way of life". – Surgut: RIE SurSPU, – 2008. – P. 14–15. (In Russian)
4. Loginov, S.I. Estimation of vertical stability of polyathletes while aiming /S.I. Loginov, Yu.G. Burykin, M.Ya. Braginsky, J.S. Efimova, A.S. Kintyukhin // Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kultury. – 2012. – № 2. – P. 88–90. (In Russian)
5. Skvortsov, D.V. Diagnostics of motor pathology by instrumental methods: gait analysis, stabilometry / D.V. Skvortsov – Moscow: T.M. Andreeva, 2007. – 640 P. (In Russian)