PhD, Associate Professor E.O. Rybakova¹
PhD, Associate Professor T.N. Shutova²
PhD, Associate Professor M.A. Vozisova^1
1Tchaikovsky State Institute of Physical Culture, Tchaikovsky
²Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow

Objective of the study was to adjust the process of training of the 12-15 year-old ski jumpers by conducting a control over their body composition and physical fitness.
Methods and structure of the study. The study was carried out in 2019 at the premises of the Federal Training Center for Winter Sports "Snezhinka" named after A.A. Danilov (Tchaikovsky town) and involved 74 athletes (including 25 girls and 49 boys of 12-15 years of age) having the sports qualifications of II and III sports category. We developed a mechanism of athletic training process control, studying of the body component composition, physical fitness and sports results. We analyzed the gender differences in the 12-15 year-old male and female athletes. The training process management mechanism included individual dynamics of physical fitness and sports card, rating system, dietary recommendations.
Results of the study and conclusions. The girls outperformed the boys in three control exercises characterizing flexibility, static muscle strength and speed endurance; however, the boys significantly outperformed the girls in the speed-strength exercises (standing long jump and standing triple jump). We detected an increase in the amount of adipose tissue in the girls - 28.2%, which necessitated the use of increased aerobic loads, individual dietary recommendations. The muscle component of the body was significant higher in the young males (25.3%) as compared to the females (19.1%).
The training process management model for ski jumpers proved its significance: the bio-impedance analysis enabled to adjust the nutrition program within the season, prevent a decrease in the young males’ body fat component, which was dangerous to their health. The body mass index and body fat component of all athletes decreased and approached the reference values, and we managed to increase the level of special physical fitness, improve athletic performance.

Keywords: body component composition, ski jumping, gender differences, individual sports card, athletic training.

References

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