Dr.Hab., Professor V.G. Shil'ko
Dr.Phyl., Professor E.V. Galazhinskiy
E.S. Potovskaya
Dr.Med. T.A. Shil'ko
National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk

Keywords: stress tolerance, stress exposure, professionally significant physical qualities, practical professional physical training.

Introduction. Stress is an emotional state which depending on certain conditions can be transformed into an optimal state or into a state of nervous and emotional tension, which in turn can lead to reduced efficiency and depletion of energy resources [3].

According to modern concepts of the influence of psychophysiological mechanisms on the development of emotional stress and its consequences, regular physical activity reduces the reaction to neurohormones in a state of emotional stress and improves stress tolerance of the human body  [1].

When elaborating a technique of development of physical qualities for various activities under stressful conditions, we used the experience of practical professional physical training of the specialists of fire-rescue units, pilots of Russian and US air forces, flying personnel of the Russian civil aviation, cadets of military higher educational institutions and rotational workers of the oil industry of Western Siberia [2, 5.]

In addition, the developed technique includes elements of special physical training (SPT) from team and shooting sports, fencing, table tennis and other forms of physical culture [4].

The analysis of the content of practical professional physical training related to mentioned activities showed that its effectiveness depends largely on the level of development of general, static, strength and coordination endurance, agility, speed and other qualities. High level of development of these physical qualities allows to act effectively in emergency situations and contributes to success in fulfilment of professional tasks.

Objective of the research was to evaluate the effectiveness of a special technique of development of professionally significant physical qualities for the activity under prolonged stress.

Methods and structure of the study. The organization of the study and the content of the technique that was used in the educational experiment are described in detail in [5].

This publication is a continuation of a series of articles devoted to the problem of stress tolerance of human body to different activities under extreme conditions. The article shows the results of testing of an experimental technique in study groups engaged in team sports and physical conditioning sessions. The sample consisted of males aged 17-19 years, first-year students of the 21st Faculty of National Research Tomsk State University; the sample totalling 100 people, divided into groups. Each group consisted of 25 people and was in turn divided into 2 subgroups - 13 people in the reference subgroup and 12 in the study subgroup. The duration of the experiment was 4 months.

Results and discussion. This article does not contain an analysis of anthropometric data and cardiovascular and respiratory systems of students as no changes were found in related indicators even at the trend level.

The results of control flexibility tests did not show any significant differences in the initial level of development of this physical quality between the groups. However, the second testing at the final stage of the experiment revealed positive changes in the development of flexibility in those students practicing football and basketball. At the same time the changes were significant only in the indicators of basketball players. Other two groups showed a negative trend in the development of flexibility (see Table 1).

The initial Romberg test results, that characterize coordination abilities of the members of all four groups before the experiment, were different: maximum value was found in the group of basketball players (30.7 s), minimum – in the group of volleyball players (15.9 s). Вifferent trends in the results of the first control exercise, found at the beginning of the experiment, were confirmed at the end of the study by the values of the growth rate, indicating a pronounced polarity of changes. Football and volleyball players showed positive trends, while basketball players and students engaged in physical conditioning sessions showed negative trends (see Table 1). The results of another control exercise to estimate coordination - tennis ball juggling - at the end of the study showed positive changes in all groups, however the changes were significant in the groups of the representatives of team sports; the changes in the physical conditioning group remained at the level of a positive trend. Approximately the same results were observed in the complicated version of this exercise - alternating sides of a racket while juggling. Only volleyball and basketball players showed significant positive changes in this exercise.

The results of the test of strength qualities in the first control exercise (push-ups, number of repetitions) after the experiment confirmed positive changes in all four groups, but the significant changes were found only in the group of volleyball players. Significant (p<0.05) improvement of results of the second strength control exercise (maintaining of L-support, s) was observed in the group of football players (growth rate - 35.3%).

The results of testing of speed-strength qualities - medicine ball juggling - were somewhat unexpected as the hegemony of the representatives of team sports compared to the physical conditioning group was broken. At the end of the study significant changes were noted in the groups of volleyball and basketball players and in the physical conditioning group. In this exercise football players showed a negative trend for the first time in the whole period of the study (see Table 1).

Based on the results of the testing of speed qualities we can state the following: volleyball players showed qualitative changes; the achievements of football players remained unchanged; the groups of basketball players and physical conditioning showed significant negative changes (see Table 1).

The second test of physical performance confirmed the advantage of the representatives of team sports in this exercise, compared to the members of the physical conditioning group; the changes in the results of volleyball players reached the significance level.

Conclusions. The conducted study allowed to determine the types of sport activities that contribute to the development of professionally significant physical qualities for effective activity under prolonged stress to a greater extent. Student-volleyball players showed the best results in most of the tests: significant changes (p<0.05) in 7 of 9 tests after the experiment. Basketball players showed qualitative changes in 5 tests.

Thus, we recommend volleyball and basketball to be included as basic sports in the program of practical professional physical training, designed to effectively address the problem of stress tolerance of human body to different activities under extreme conditions.

Table 1. The dynamics of development of special physical qualities of students

Note: n – number of examined people; * – statistically significant (p<0.05) values of changes.

Corresponding author: vshilko@mail.ru

Abstract

The paper contains results of the pilot study, conducted at the premises of the Physical Education Faculty of National Research Tomsk State University and addressed the problem of stress tolerance of the human body to different activities under extreme conditions. The study of the practical professional physical training process of specialists in various activity areas performed under stressful conditions, has revealed physical qualities which influence success in professional problem solving. With this goal in view the authors developed a special technique of development of professionally significant physical qualities using team sports and physical conditioning sessions. The efficiency of the proposed method was evaluated based on the results of routine tests of the initial and final levels of students' physical fitness using nine tests. Based on the experimental results a baseline physical education pattern was determined and recommended for inclusion in the specialist training program for those, who work under prolonged stress.

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