Associate professor, Ph.D. I.A. Pogonysheva¹
Associate professor, Ph.D. O.S. Krasnikova¹
Associate professor, Ph.D. L.G. Pashchenko^1
1Nizhnevartovsk State University, Nizhnevartovsk

Keywords: anthropometric characteristics, fat, muscle, bone components of body weight.

Introduction. According to a vast number of researches [8, 10], while evaluating individual's physical development, it is important to study the nature of relationships between the bone, fat and muscle components of the body weight, since the composition of the human body varies significantly under the influence of dietary factors, physical activity, diseases, and is essentially correlated with the indicators of individual's working capacity, his/her professional and sport activities [3, 11, 14]. Knowledge of the optimal ratio of the bone, fat and muscle components in different periods of life in male and female representatives of different professional groups, information awareness of the peculiarities of their relationship with the physiological characteristics of the body, the normal range of variability, as well as knowledge of the causes of these changes, are essential and make it possible to use the obtained data to make more efficient plans and implement preventive measures.

The component composition of the body of male students in the territory of Russia was analyzed by many scientists: T.V. Kazakova [4] in Krasnoyarsk, T.N. Galkina [2] in the Penza region, M.A. Negasheva [9] in Moscow, O.V. Kalmin [5] in the Krasnodar region, I.G. Pashkova [12] in Petrozavodsk, A.I. Popovskiy [13] in the Central Volga region; however, the specificity and normalization of these values for KhMAR-Yugra are poorly studied.

Objective of the research was to study the degree of manifestation of anatomical components of the body that define the somatotypes of male residents of KhMAR­Yugra.

Methods and organisation. 84 1st-3rd-year male students of Nizhnevartovsk State University were subjects of this study, conducted at the premises of the laboratory of sport and fitness technologies of NSU. The component composition of the body was analyzed using the analytical method of determination of the amount of fat, bone and muscle tissues. The research program included measurement of the following indicators: body weight, body length, transverse diameters of the distal parts of the upper arm, forearm, thigh, shin and their circumferences, measurement of thickness of folds of skin and fat at eight points of the right half of the body. The fat, muscle and bone components, body surface area were calculated using the "Component composition of body weight" computer program [6]. The somatotypes were distributed according to the scheme by M.V. Chernorutskiy. The results were processed using the mathematical methods of statistics.

Results and discussion. The article contains a comparative analysis of anthropometric characteristics of students of non­sport universities living in different climatic regions.

Table 1 presents the statistical parameters of the main signs of physical development of boys and girls in the comparative aspect.

Table 1. Comparative analysis of anthropometric characteristics of total body measurements, М±m

The study revealed that the average body weight in students from Nizhnevartovsk was one of the biggest among the modern populations of young people living in the compared regions, while their body length did not differ significantly.

The calculation methods used to determine the component composition of the body indicate that the highest values ​​with respect to the fat component of the body weight were registered in boys from Krasnodar (26.06±0.6%), the lowest - in students living in the Central Volga region (8.38% ) (Table 2). The fat component indices of Nizhnevartovsk students correspond to the data presented by T.N. Galkina [2], A.P. Baskakova [1], T.V. Kazakova [4].

The comparative analysis of the muscle component - one of the manifestations of man's physical endurance, an indicator of his motor activity, revealed the maximum values of the relative muscle component in the compared samplings in the boys from Petrozavodsk (53.1±0.4%), the minimum ones - in the Krasnodar representatives (29.46±0.53%). The parameter values of male students from Nizhnevartovsk line up with those of their peers living in Krasnoyarsk and the Central Volga region.

The amount of the bone component indicates the degree of manifestation of the skeletal part of the soma. Higher values of the relative bone component were observed in boys from the Central Volga region (20.72%), the lowest ones - in their peers from Krasnodar (16.11±0.16%).

Table 2. Comparative analysis of anthropometric characteristics of body composition of boys, М±m

A constitutional type is considered as a relative genetic marker of human individual variation [3, 8, 10].

Table 3. Comparative analysis of boys' somatotypes, %

According to the classification by M.V. Chernorutskiy, it was individuals of hypersthenic body type who prevailed among boys from Nizhnevartovsk (55.3%), while the asthenic and normosthenic types were found in 39.3% and 8.3% of the cases, respectively. In contrast to the samplings consisting of males from Krasnodar and Penza, the number of individuals with the normosthenic somatotype decreased among testees from our region (Table 3).

Conclusion. The analysis of the results of anthropometric studies of boys living in Nizhnevartovsk of KhMAR­Yugra indicates the presence of regional features of their physical development. The number of individuals of the pyknic (endomorphic) somatotype increases among male Nizhnevartovsk students. Further case monitoring of somatotypological characteristics of the given contingent is needed to determine individual characteristics of growth, rate of development, harmony of development, health level. This will help not only solve the issue of indications for in-depth examination, but also select more efficient means and methods of physical education to organize different forms of physical education.

References

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Corresponding author: korichko_nv@mail.ru

Abstract

The importance of the studies of somatotypological characteristics of boys of KhMAR­Yugra, which is referred to hypocomfotable territories, is stipulated by climatic and geographic specifics of their place of residence. The article contains the results of the study of anatomical components of the body defining somatic types of 1­3­year students of Nizhnevartovsk State University. Comparative characteristics of anthropometric indicators of total body measurements, the component composition of its mass in students studying in non­sport universities living in different climatic regions, compared with similar data of boys living in Nizhnevartovsk in KhMAR­Yugra reveal regional features in their physical development.