Associate professor, Ph.D. A.V. Korichko¹
Associate professor, Ph.D. L.G. Pashchenko¹
Associate professor, Ph.D. I.A. Pogonysheva^1
1Nizhnevartovsk State University, Nizhnevartovsk
²Siberian State University of Physical Culture and Sport, Omsk

Keywords: anthropometry, fat, muscle, bone components of body weight.

Introduction. The indices of physical development, being the components of physical well-being, are affected by the external factors and are the indicators of person's adaptive capability to environmental conditions. The study of the nature of relationships between the bone, fat and muscle components of body weight is of considerable interest, since the composition of human body varies significantly under the influence of dietary factors, physical activity, diseases, and is essentially correlated with the indicators of human working capacity, with their professional and sports activities [2, 9 ]. At the same body weight, there predominates either the fat or the muscle component.

Knowledge of the optimal ratio of the bone, fat and muscle components in different periods of life in male and female representatives of different professional groups, information awareness of the peculiarities of their relationship with the physiological characteristics of the body, within the normal range of variability, as well as knowledge of the causes of these changes, are important and help use the obtained data to make more efficient plans and implement preventive measures.

The component composition of the body of college-age girls in the territory of Russia was analyzed by many scientists: T.N. Galkina [1] in the Penza region, M.A. Negasheva [8] in Moscow, O.V. Kalmin [3] in the Krasnodar region, I.E. Kochelaevskaya [5] in Saratov, but the specificity and normalization of these values for KhMAR-Yugra are still poorly studied.

Khanty-Mansi autonomous region - Yugra refers to hypocomfortable territories identified by the moderately harsh climate. People living in the district experience intensive natural and ever-increasing anthropogenic pressing on health, which causes tension of the systems of body adaptation.

Objective of the study was to analyze the degree of manifestation of anatomic components of the body that determine the somatotypes of female residents of KhMAR­Yugra.

Materials and methods. 184 1st-3rd-year female students of Nizhnevartovsk State University aged 18-21 years were subject to this study conducted at the premises of the laboratory of sports and health-improving technologies of NSU. The research program included measurement of the following indicators: body mass, body length, transverse diameters of the distal parts of the arm, forearm, thigh, shin and their circumferential sizes, measurement of thickness of folds of skin and fat at eight points of the right half of the body. The fat, muscle and bone components, body surface area were calculated using the "Component composition of body weight" computer program [4]. The results were processed using mathematical methods of statistics.

Results and discussion. The article presents the comparative analysis of the anthropometric characteristics of female students of higher non-sport educational institutions living in various climatic regions.

Table 1. Comparative analysis of anthropometric measurements of total body sizes of girls, М ± m

The comparative analysis revealed the absence of distinct regional differences in the anthropometric parameters between females (Table 1). The body length of girls from Nizhnevartovsk is the same as the body length of their peers from KhMAR­Yugra, as proved by the results of the study conducted by S.I. Loginov [7], representatives from Penza and Rostov. Female students from Tyumen, Krasnodar and Moscow turned out to be taller compared to those from Nizhnevartovsk. Body mass of girls from Nizhnevartovsk slightly exceeded that of their peers from Penza and Rostov. Female students from Nizhnevartovsk came short of body weight compared to girls of the samplings from KhMAR­Yugra, Tyumen and Krasnodar.

The fat component characterizes the energy reserve of the body. The amount of fat in the body can differ significantly in different individuals and, moreover, can fluctuate on an individual level throughout life, which can be associated with both normal physiological changes occurring in the course of growth and development, and metabolic disturbances. The comparative aspect higher values ​​of both relative and absolute fat components of the body weight were recorded in the representatives of the samplings from Krasnodar and Saratov. The fat mass index in female students from Nizhnevartovsk was also comparable with that in girls from the Penza region.

Table 2. Comparative analysis of body composition indicators of girls, М±m

The maximum values ​​of the muscle component of the body, which characterizes individual's physical vigor reserves, were registered in female students from Nizhnevartovsk, which probably indicates their adaptation to hypocomfortable climatic conditions of the North. The minimum values ​​were registered by O.V. Kalmin [3] in girls living in the South of Russia.

The maximum values of the bone component ​​- absolute and relative, as one of the main indicators of development of the locomotor system, were observed in girls from the Penza region, the lowest ones - in the representatives of the Saratov sampling (Table 2).

The analysis of the distribution of constitutional types, as genetic markers of human individual variation, revealed that it was normosthenic female students who prevailed in the studied sampling (Table 3). There was no significant difference in the number of girls of the asthenic and hypersthenic somatotypes.

Table 3. Comparative analysis of somatotypes of girls, %

As compared to girls from Nizhnevartovsk, the asthenic somatotype was registered most often in their peers from Krasnodar, Penza and Tyumen (22.6%, 37.43% and 31%, respectively).

Conclusion. The analysis of the results of anthropometric studies of girls living in Nizhnevartovsk of KhMAR­Yugra indicates the presence of regional features of their physical development. Against the background of the general development of grace in girls, the number of individuals with pyknic (endomorphic) somatotype increases among female students from Nizhnevartovsk. Further case monitoring of somatotypological characteristics of the given contingent revealed individual characteristics of growth, rate of development, harmony of development and health level.

References

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Corresponding author: korichko_nv@mail.ru

Abstract

The importance of studying somaotypological characteristics of students of KhMAR­Yugra is stipulated by the climatic geographical specifics of their place of residence. The article contains the findings of the study of anatomical components of the body that define somatic types of female 1­3-year students of Nizhnevartovsk State University. The comparative characteristics of anthropometric parameters, the component composition of the body of students studying in higher non-sports educational institutions and living in different climatic regions, with similar data of girls living in Nizhnevartovsk of KhMAR­Yugra, indicate the presence of regional features of their physical development. Against the background of the general development of grace the number of hypersthenics among female Nizhnevartovsk students increased.