N.B. Soloshenko¹
M.V. Alekseeva¹
Associate professor, Ph.D. D.N. Makaridin^2
1Department of Sport and Youth Policy of Administration of Tyumen
²Tyumen State University, Tyumen

Keywords: monitoring, management solutions, management mechanisms, training process.

Introduction. Against the overall popularity of physical culture and sport among people, the main consumers of educational services in the sphere of physical culture and sport are parents and children, who became more demanding not only for conditions of service rendering, but also for the quality of educational process and its results. Currently a systemic innovation strategy in the sphere of physical culture and sport is being realized in Tyumen. One of the directions of this strategy is to improve the training process at youth sport schools through monitoring of physical health and fitness of junior athletes, as well as better planning of the training process.

The purpose of the study was to improve the learning and training process at sports schools in the city of Tyumen.

Results and discussion. From 2013 till 2014 in terms of the "Monitoring of health and physical fitness of sports school pupils" project, complex actions have been implemented to monitor, analyze, evaluate and forecast health and physical fitness of the athletes studying in specialized institutions of additional education.
The study showed that 83% of athletes have average and above average level of all-round fitness and physical development and only 17% of them have below average results. However, analysis of development of physical abilities indicated that most of athletes have insufficiently developed general endurance and muscle strength, which directly affects physical working capacity.

The results of monitoring tests revealed low birth-death ratio and strength index. The evaluation showed that 51% of girls have a low birth-death ratio. The same indices are observed in estimation of strength index, which is low for both boys (48%) and girls (62%). 
In order to determine the level of special physical fitness of boys and girls tests were carried out in sports where the highest results were observed, including basketball, boxing, volleyball, artistic gymnastics, Greco-Roman wrestling, judo, cross-country skiing, swimming, climbing, dance sport, tennis, figure-skating, football, hockey, rhythmic gymnastics.
The athletes in all age groups engaged in artistic gymnastics, climbing and judo showed stable high results. Hockey and football players had below average indices of special fitness. Analysis of monitoring results clearly indicates that the trainers should focus on the development of general endurance and muscle strength of the athletes.

Training process enhancing mechanisms. Planning of learning and training process. Based on the results of the monitoring, management solutions have been developed, contributing to the organization of the learning and training process of local sports school pupils. Practical recommendations have been elaborated, intended to correct the structure and content of planning system of training process.
Primarily, due to the obtained results we defined the key trends in modification of the training process in terms of endurance and strength development. Herewith, sensitive periods of development of other physical qualities of athletes were taken into consideration without affecting emotional appeal (one of the key motives of pupils for choosing particular kind of sport).

The guidelines contained the core aspects of endurance development:
1. One should bear in mind the principles of long-term adaptation. The result is achieved gradually, structural changes in the body occur consistently at different levels of development, i.e. involve a large number of elements of body's functioning.

2. Regular dynamic physical loads lead to moderate myocardial hypertrophy, heart rate (HR) fall, peripheral blood flow improvement, increase of capacity of energy supply systems, coupled with intensification of oxygen utilization by active muscles, general increase in performance of blood circulation, economization of cardiac functions at rest and under moderate load.

Secondly, it was recommended to revise the content, patterns and methods of planning all sports taking into account athletes’ age and gender in compliance with the Youth Sports Schools' curricula, as well as common patterns of theory and methodology of sports training.
Since September 2014 common forms of planning of the training process (micro-, meso- and macrocycle) have been introduced to the educational process, providing for the main sections of sports training and consistent implementation of the program material. It was strongly recommended to give due consideration to realization of physical conditioning and motor-coordination training of the athletes.

Development of professional competency of specialists in the industry. The next step in improving the training process involved the work on development of sports teachers’ competency.
For this purpose, seminars were arranged for the specialists of management staff, methodologists, trainers of Youth Sports Schools and Specialized Children and Youth Sports Schools of the Olympic Reserve. The subject of such events was to inform about the results of monitoring, to identify the problems and current condition of various aspects of sports training and ways to improve them.

A mechanism of methodological support was used for more organized and effective mastering the recommendations aimed at updating the planning system of the training process. A highly-skilled specialist in the field of sports theory and methodology was involved into this work to correct learning and training process at every sports school on a regular basis.
Moreover, the meetings with the sports school coaching staff were held in order to analyze the athletes' personal achievements, state of physical fitness and planning documentation.

The sports schools' directors were recommended to take advanced courses for the specialists of the institutions including the area of psychological and educational support. 
In order to obtain new practical experience, open lessons were arranged with the participation of all trainers, methodologists, deputy headmasters for curriculum and discipline.

The expected result – enhancement of the learning and training process will help:

• improve physical and special fitness indices of athletes;
• level up skills and professional competency of all participants of the educational process of sports schools;
• outline the prospects for further improvement of the system approach in regard to preservation of athletes, including the control of the motivational aspects of pupils.

Implementation of the best practices of certain specialists will help enhance the motivation of the trainers, identify unpromising ones and those not willing to improve their skills, which negatively affects not only athletic training, staff instability in training groups, increased tension between parents and sports school, but also the reputation of the whole industry. It is necessary to intensify the healthy competitive environment among teachers and institutions of the industry, elaborate actions to support the top range pupils, including the implementation of motivation indices in terms of labor relations.

The experience gained through monitoring helps implement it for internal control of a certain school operation. So far, all preconditions for this have been developed:

– available professional personnel including health care workers, sports facilities with their own medical stations and all needed equipment;

– available information base of active athletes, as well as established contacts with the specialists in technical assistance of cooperating organizations and establishments;

– making effective contracts with institution workers, specifying the basic quality factors of educational services provided – corresponding to the process of sports training;

– formation of motivational environment for all participants of this process: managers, specialists of institutions, teachers, athletes and their parents.

Moreover, today the primary focus is made on the improvement of physical fitness of the athletes; systemic conditioning training is under special control. Due to close interaction with the Department of Sport and Youth Policy of the Tyumen region, athletes in various sports can use track and field facilities, skiing lodges (in winter), swimming pools, game and fitness facilities.

All this will contribute to high performance of the Tyumen athletes at competitions of different levels, increase in the number of assigned mass categories and involvement of more and more children and adolescents in systematic physical culture and sport activities.

Conclusions. Among the reasons for poor physical development of Tyumen athletes are insufficient skills of trainer-instructors to design and plan their activities in accordance with the latest achievements in science and the requirements of the regulatory framework in the activities of youth sport schools.

At the same time, the positive dynamics in the quality of planning of the training process at youth sport schools was detected. As a result of the actions of the Department of Sport and Youth Policy of the Administration of Tyumen (training courses, selective meetings, clarification sessions, seminars with certain categories of trainers) the situation has been generally improved. It is to be mentioned that there are no gross methodological mistakes at the current stage of elaboration of planning documents. We should also note high conscious activity of the trainers in development of the plans.

Moreover, there were detected typical, statistically common flaws in planning of the training process, including the mismatch of tasks set in terms of the mesocycle with the content of classes in microcycles; insufficiently disclosed mesocycle objectives in a microcycle; undefined structure of the annual training cycle; substitution of conditioning training goals with the goals of special physical training, and vice versa. All this indicates negligence in settling planning documents or insufficient competency of the trainers. Sometimes, this happens due to poor organization of the learning and training activity of the specialists from methodological departments of sports schools and deputy headmasters for curriculum and discipline, which requires special attention in terms of specialists’ training in this area.

 References

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Corresponding author: KolychevAV@tyumen-city.ru