Ph.D. V.G. Starostin¹
Ph.D. P.I. Krivoshapkin¹
Ph.D., Associate Professor A.A. Sergin¹
V.G. Nikitin^1
1Institute of Physical Culture and Sport of North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov, Yakutsk

Keywords: morphofunctional parameters, body composition, physical working capacity, energy potential.

Introduction. Close relationship between physical development and morphofunctional parameters characterizes athlete's physical working capacity. Physical development is one of the main health criteria of an individual and population in general.

The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of sports activities on the morphofunctional parameters of the body of athletes in conditions of Yakutia.

Materials and methods. Subjects to the study were 60 male Asian athletes, engaged in various sports: boxing - 10 people (1 - MS, 6 - CMS, 1 - I Class, 2 - mass categories), freestyle wrestling - 7 people (3 - HMS, 2 - MS, 1 - CMS, 1 - I Class), mas-wrestling - 30 people (1 - MS, 6 - CMS, 9 - I Class, 14 - mass categories), track and field athletics - 9 people (5 - I Class, 4 - mass categories), rifle and pistol shooting - 4 people (2 - MS, 2 - CMS). The subjects' age ranged from 19.22 to 32 years.

The in-depth anthropometric study was carried out by the procedure of the Anthropological Research Institute of Moscow State University (V.V. Bunak, 1941) and included measurement of longitudinal (body length (standing and sitting), other longitudinal measurements), transverse (shoulder width, hip width, transverse and anterior-posterior thoracic diameters), circumferential (chest and head circumferences) body dimensions, body weight and strength indices. Additionally, we measured arterial blood pressure, heart rate, etc.

Skinfold thickness, distal bone diameters (shoulder, forearm, thigh and calf), and shoulder, forearm, thigh and calf circumferences were measured according to T. Matiegka (1921). The component composition of body mass was evaluated using the method of fractionation of body mass into the muscle, bone and fat components. Somatotypes were determined by calculating the Rees-Eysenck body index (Rees-Eisenk), recommended for use by B.A. Nikityuk and N.A. Kornetov (1998). Physical working capacity was determined by the PWC₁₇₀ test using the cycle ergometry method by performing two exercises of moderate intensity for 5 min with the cadence of 60 rev/min. The PWC₁₇₀ test was calculated mathematically.

Results and discussion. When analyzing the morphological parameters, it was the track and field athletes who turned out to be the tallest (Table 1). The largest body mass was registered in mas-wrestlers, the smallest - in boxers. At the same time, the values of the Quetelet index I were the highest in freestyle wrestlers, the lowest - in boxers. The highest chest circumference indices were observed in mas-wrestlers and shooters, the lowest - in track and field athletes. The Erismann index was the highest in shooters, and the lowest - in boxers. The Pignet index was high in freestyle wrestlers, which corresponded to very strong physique; it was the lowest in boxers, meaning good physique.

In all the examined athletes the Rees-Eysenck index corresponded to the mesomorphic somatotype. The force index values were high in boxers, mas-wrestlers, and athletes, and average in freestyle wrestlers and shooters.

Table 1. Athletes' ьorphofunctional parameters

Absolute bone mass ranged from 10.54 kg (1.77) in boxers to 11.89 kg (5.2) in mas-wrestlers, its relative values were the highest in track and field athletes - 17.1%, and the lowest in freestyle wrestlers - 15.53%

Absolute muscle mass in the surveyed athletes ranged from 31.33 (2.36) in boxers to 37.29 kg (6.97) in mas-wrestlers. The highest relative indices were demonstrated by mas-wrestlers - 52.53% (3.49 ), the lowest - by shooters 47.02% (2.63).

The absolute fat mass indices ranged from 8.16 kg (1.31) in boxers to 13.41 kg (5.72) in shooters. The highest relative indicators were shown by shooters - 18.93% (5.32), the lowest - by track and field athletes - 12.45% (2.32).

The active mass index, indicating the level of muscular development, was the highest in freestyle wrestlers (1.26), the lowest - in boxers (1.08), intermediate - in mas-wrestlers (1.18), shooters (1.12) and track and field athletes (1.09).

The highest indices of physical working capacity by the PWC₁₇₀ test were observed in mas-wrestlers (1647.72 kgm/min), the lowest - in shooters (1132.17 kgm/min). PWC was almost at the same level in boxers (1342.7 kgm/min), freestyle wrestlers (1437.22 kgm/min) and track and field athletes (1357.24 kgm/min).

When estimating the adaptive potential of the circulatory system (IFC), we detected satisfactory adaptation in boxers (2.10) and freestyle wrestlers (2.03). In the rest of the athletes we observed tension of the mechanism of adaptation, as in mas-wrestlers (2.14), track and field athletes (2.15) and shooters (2.21).

The Robinson index, which shows myocardial oxygen consumption and its energy potential, was above average in freestyle wrestlers (67.83) and shooters (71.46), average in boxers (82.35), mas-wrestlers (83.17) and track and field athletes (83.68).

The indicators of physical fitness level (PFL) were average in most athletes (by the number of athletes (39) were average - particularly, in mas-wrestlers and track and field athletes (0.66 each), in the rest of the athletes PFL was above average - boxers (0.73), freestyle wrestlers (0.75) and shooters (0.71).

Conclusions. Physical exercises affect the fractional composition of the body of athletes, namely its muscle component has an influence on the working capacity. Myocardial energy reserve capacities and physical fitness level depend on athlete's skill level.

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