Associate professor, Ph.D. R.S. Nagovitsyn¹
Associate professor, Ph.D. I.V. Vladykina¹
P.B. Volkov¹
Professor, Dr.Hab. A.V. Tutolmin¹
Professor, Dr.Hab. E.I. Sokol'nikova^2
1Glazov State Pedagogical Institute named after V.G. Korolenko, Glazov
²Russian State University of Physical Culture, Sport, Youth and Tourism (GTsOLIFK), Sholokhov Moscow State University for Humanities, Moscow

Keywords: mobile learning, program management, model, students, physical education classes, indicators of formation.

Introduction. Modern mobile methods used in the educational process of higher schools prove the need for using a creative approach to training of specialists in general and program management of the improvement of physical education of students in particular [3]. Mastering of mobile methods as components of learning activity in the field of physical culture and sport will enable a student to plan physical loads as part of the training process and simulate his/her training and competitive activities. This will also predetermine self-management of creative process, active interaction of the student with the educational environment, formation of the self-knowledge and self-development needs [1;2;4]. In this view, program management of improvement of physical education of students is focused on professional competency building and development of psychophysical qualities in students.

The necessity for studying the issue of program management of improvement of physical education of students is explained in our work by the contradiction between the social procurement for an achievement-oriented and creative personality of a specialist and the insufficient development of the theoretical and methodological foundations of formation and improvement of physical education using mobile methods when training specialists in institutions of higher education. We find the problem solution in the implementation of information and computer technologies during mobile learning of students using explanatory and illustrative and reproductive methods of planning of the content of the training process and simulating of training and competitive activities.

Relevance. The problem of substantiation of the theoretical and methodological foundations of improvement of physical education of students using mobile methods in institutions of higher education has been developed insufficiently and is essential in terms of professional activity today [5]. As a research hypothesis we proposed a thesis that mobile methods could be used for individual planning of the content of the training process and simulating of training and competitive activities, which, in the end, would provide efficient program management of improvement of physical education of future specialists and allow for activation of the processes of self-knowledge and self-development.

The purpose of the study was to develop and experimentally verify the model of formation of physical culture of students with regard to mobile learning, that contributes to activation and development  of self-knowledge and self-development of specialists, in terms of analysis of scientific opinions and concepts of specialists on the issue of proper program management of improvement of physical education of students in the course of professional learning.

Materials and methods. Based on the study of the scientific grounds and various concepts of formation of physical culture of the rising generation (S.S. Aganov, L.N. Akulova, V.K. Bal'sevich [1], N.V. Barysheva, M.Ya. Vilenskiy, P.A. Vinogradov [2], Yu.I. Evseev, V.V. Zaytseva, V.Yu. Karpov, A.V. Lotonenko, L.I. Lubysheva [4], Yu.M. Nikolaev, P.K. Petrov, V.A. Pet'kov, T.V. Skoblikova, V.N. Solov'ev, G.M. Solov'ev, V.V. Stanovov, I.S. Syrvacheva, N.Kh. Khakunov, M.M. Chubarov, V.G. Shil'ko, G.A. Yamaletdinova), the model of formation of physical culture of students on the basis of mobile learning was proposed and implemented in practice. It reflects the system of specific organization of the process of pedagogical education with the principles, methodological approaches and innovation methods contributing to an efficient educational process being its central core. This model consists of the following interrelated units: target, methodological, substantive, level and resulting. On the basis of analysis of scientific opinions and concepts of specialists on the issue of proper program management of improvement of physical education of students the model of formation of physical culture of students was developed and experimentally tested on the basis of mobile learning. This model contributes to enhancement and development of the processes of self-knowledge and self-development of specialists.

To determine the level of formation of physical culture of students we used a set of scientific methods including pedagogical observation and testing, methods of psychophysiological and functional diagnostics and questionnaire. We developed the authors' techniques of determination of sports worldview by analyzing the data from the social network "VKontakte", selection of a group of motivations to physical education classes and formation of physical culture competency of a student; we also used the methods of evaluation of emotional states by the type of changes in color sensitivity by M. Lüscher, WAM test, modified differential emotions scales by C. Izard, physical fitness level tests according to a 100-points system, diagnostic methods of determination of mental characteristics by A. Assinger, S.V. Kovalev and T.A. Nemchin, health assessment by N.M. Amosov, modified systems of the level of training according to the B. Blum's taxonomy,  the technology "Healthy lifestyle" by D.N. Davidenko and V.P. Petlenko, the mathematical statistics methods - determination of statistical significance by the chi square.

The total sample was 1650 students of different faculties and specialities. During the experiment, the students were divided into two groups: experimental group (834 students) and control group (816 students) irrespective of their sex. Each respondent from each groups was diagnosed using the given methods.

Results and discussion. Figure 1 and Table 1 illustrate that in the experimental groups, compared with the control ones, the indicators of the motivational, activity and cognitive components of physical culture increased by 40% on the average. We detected an increase in the number of students from the experimental group, compared with the control one, at the high (40%) and average (60%) levels of formation of physical culture after the experiment. At the low (80%) level of formation of physical culture the number of students from the experimental group decreased, compared to the control one.

Fig. 1. The comparison of the results of the mathematical-statistical data processing by Х2 obtained during the preliminary and control knowledge assessment by all indicators of formation of physical culture of students against the table ultimate value at 0.05 significance level

Table 1. The results of the diagnostics of respondents by the components and indicators of physical culture in context of preliminary and control knowledge assessment.

As seen from the analysis of the indicators from Fig. 1 and Table 1, the technology of formation of physical culture of students based on mobile learning and the identified conditions exercised the most significant influence on sports mindset of students (70%), the motivational-value attitude to physical training (60%) and their behavioral index (50%). This may be due to the fact that the implementation of mobile learning complies with modern demands and interests of students. The implementation of mobile learning and non-traditional physical exercises for the development of professionally important qualities of a future specialist in this context contributes to the organization of vocational training. Compared to the abovementioned indicators, the traditional methodology of teaching had a less positive effect (40%) on the mental, emotional, operational and physical indicators.

The formation of physical culture in the context of the health-promoting component largely depends on the sports infrastructure in institutions of higher education and individual characteristics of each student's vital activity. In turn, an insufficient increment of the reflexive index (40%) in the experimental groups, as against the control ones, is attributed to the fact that this criterion is interrelated with project activities, which each university student must be involved in.

The detected indicators testify to the efficiency of the author's model, which involves the experimental methodology of formation of physical culture of students based on mobile learning, and to a set of pedagogical conditions identified in the course of this investigation. The analysis of the findings on the processes of self-knowledge and self-development of students' personality allows for the following conclusions:

- 70% of students from the experimental group were proved to have a high level of personal self-knowledge and self-development, they understand and attempt to materialize those values that match the criteria of self-knowledge and self-development;

- 80% of the testees from the control group had a rather poor skill of creatively solving the matters of planning the content of the training process and simulating of training and competitive activities;

- the testees from the control group (75%) showed some degree of self-doubt when selecting physical load or simulating the training process on their own.

Conclusion. Therefore, the students' training system using mobile methods is suitable for self-management of the creative process, active interaction of students with the educational environment, formation of physical culture through the need for self-knowledge and self-development.

Information and computer technologies used  during mobile learning of students via explanatory and illustrative and reproductive methods make it necessary for the students to form their own knowledge in the field of physical culture, enable them to consolidate the knowledge by planning the content of the training process and simulating of training and competitive activities and develop the need for self-improvement throughout life.

References

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5. Nagovitsyn, R.S. Kontseptual'nye osnovy formirovaniya fizicheskoy kul'tury lichnosti studenta na osnove mobil'nogo obucheniya (Conceptual framework of formation of personal physical culture of student based on mobile learning) / R.S. Nagovitsyn // Teoriya i Praktika Fizicheskoy Kul'tury. – 2014. – № 10. – P. 11–14

Corresponding author: lab_genetic@mail.ru