V.G. Torgovkin, associate professor, Ph.D.
V.N. Kirillin, Senior coach of Sakha Republic (Yakutia) in freestyle wrestling among adults
Institute of Physical Culture and Sport of North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov, Yakutsk

Keywords: plan, technique, training process, free-style wrestling, speed and strength endurance.

Introduction. Combat sports, particularly wrestling, are undoubtedly among the most remarkable and specific phenomena of sports life in our country and the planet as a whole in the 20th century and in the early 21^st century.

Many experts consider training of an athlete as a long-term process of comprehensive teaching, including specialized training of sports features that guarantee high achievements in competitions. We know about the concept of modern training of competitive athletes from generalized monographs of our most outstanding coaching researchers. The concept relied upon goal orientation, complexity and interaction of its parts, unity of an integrated system and its management [1, P. 87].

The general goal set on the comprehensive development of physical and mental abilities of athletes should be combined with a clear orientation of their training to achieve such levels of individual sports development for the main goal, achievement of the planned results, to be implemented.

Nowadays it becomes particularly important to develop the technology of training for qualifying and major competitions of the year. While implementing the principles of the training process, the training technology was at the same time individualized in relation to the capabilities and characteristics of each athlete.

This research was carried out according to the plan of the Wrestling Federation of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia).

The purpose of the research was to develop and check the effectiveness of the training process under middle altitude conditions, aimed at improvement of speed and strength endurance of freestyle wrestlers.

Materials and methods. The training procedure for freestyle wrestlers suggests improvement of speed and strength endurance during training for the qualifying and major competitions of the year [2, P. 46;147].

The sports educational experiment was conducted at the premises of the sports bases "USHBA" and "OZON" of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, North Caucasus Federal district of the Russian Federation during the training for the Russian freestyle wrestling championship, involving 15 wrestlers, 4 freestyle wrestling coaches and 1 doctor in sports medicine. The athletes' qualifications were as follows: 1 international master of sports, 9 masters of sports, 5 candidates for master of sports of Russia. The experimental group included 2 masters of sports and 5 candidates for master of sports of Russia. Monitoring and control over the training process of 1 international master of sport of Russia were conducted individually.

Stages and results of the athletes’ body adaptation in middle altitude conditions of Russia were determined using a complex of diagnostic procedures including the method of comparing changes in the level of readiness for a competition, expansion of the range of movement, the needs for improvement of sports skills: systematicity and effectiveness of implementation of signature technical and tactical actions during the training process and competitions.

For the first time in the training of the national freestyle wrestling team of the Republic scientific observations were conducted during training under middle altitude conditions. The methods applied in the control sections at the beginning and at the end of the training process at sports bases were as follows: OMEGA - C; cardio-control; wellness-evaluation; lactate-control; heart rate control during aerobic exercises using the “Polar” monitor.

According to the training camp's plan the functional load comprised 21 days of training, i.e., three week cycles (1^st week - adaptation, mostly aerobic exercises, 2^nd week – dynamic, mostly anaerobic and anaerobic-aerobic exercises, 3^rd week – anaerobic-aerobic exercises, mostly aerobic loads).

The first sports-educational control test was conducted at the beginning and at the end of the training process at the sports base "Ushba” from April 29 to May 7 of this year, at the altitude of 2,200 meters above sea level, involving 15 wrestlers and 3 freestyle wrestling coaches.

At the "Ushba" base all the planned exercises were fully done: including 7 special mat training sessions, intended to improve standing and ground technical and tactical actions according to the principle criteria of D.P. Korkin in the aerobic-anaerobic mode.

 2 types of adaptive aerobic exercises of "Terrainkur" walk, ascending to the altitude up to 2600 m - 3500 m above sea level.

4 types of cross aerobic exercises, combined descents from the altitude of 2,200 to 1,900 meters and ascends back.

The second sports-educational control test was conducted at the beginning of training after moving to the "OZON" sports base, which was carried out from the 8^th to 21^st of May this year for 14 days (1800 m above sea level).

At the " OZON" base all the scheduled loads were fully implemented: including 10 special mat training sessions, intended to improve speed-strength endurance, 4 workouts involving special wrestling exercises with weights, 4 cross aerobic exercises, including running from the altitude of 1800 to 2200 m above sea level.

When athletes were doing anaerobic and aerobic exercises we applied OMEGA-C - control of athletes’ physical health. According to the results of the OMEGA-C all athletes were within the range 1-5 on the five-point rating scale (Figure 1).                               

Figure 1

As seen from the example in Figure 1, the level of athlete’s adaptation to training loads remains normal, despite the decrease in energy resources after moving to a higher altitude under the 2200 m altitude hypoxia conditions. Psychoemotional state is normal. Resting heart rate is 59 bpm. Biorhythm is high.

All in all, the indices of the OMEGA - C control method and of other methods such as lactate control, have confirmed the fact that the adaptation to the middle altitude conditions while completing the training plan on improvement of speed-strength endurance is effective for those athletes who have had well-balanced training loads involving aerobic and anaerobic exercises before heading to these training events (good performance indices were observed in athletes Ponomarev E., Rassadin V. and Flegontov V., low indices (2 points) - in athletes: Struchkov V., Petrov V. and Pesterev T.).

The training process at intermediate segments of middle altitude (1500-2500 m.) carries on the systematic work being done by senior coach of the Republic Kirillin Vladimir Nikolaevich, which is aimed at the following:

• Improvement of functional capacities of wrestlers' bodies, training and development of necessary functional capacities via physiological changes taking place in the human body at intermediate altitudes - human blood saturation at a norm rate of ˃ 90 %;
• Enhancement of the movements technique (leading holds to their logical end) according to the principles of analysis of technical actions by Korkin D.P. (Tactical Training. Starting a hold. Take-off. Throw. Fixation. (Pin – pinning hold by fall) [2, P. 35].

According to the monitoring indicators of the athletes' functional state there were used methods that helped the athletes to adapt to middle altitude conditions: breathing exercises while walking in a pine forest, medical advice and assistance.

Conclusions. According to the analysis of the findings, in the course of training of athletes of national teams during the year it is advisable to use training sessions intended to improve speed and strength endurance under middle altitude conditions, which should be finished 30 days before the event.

The training effect resulting from the given load according to the plan for 21 days under the conditions of intermediate altitude is to be properly maintained before the qualifying and major events for 30 calendar days. (Since the training effect arises as a result of repeated and systematic repetition of a set of means intended to improve sports skills and is also completely lost when interrupting workouts for 20 days). In addition, one should keep working on the improvement of master technical actions with due regard to starting a hold and following principles for logical ending of technical and tactical actions.

References

1. Opyt podgotovki bortsov vysokogo klassa: rukopisnyie materialy zasluzhennogo trenera SSSR (Experience in training of elite wrestlers: manuscripts of honored trainer of the USSR D.P. Korkin) / Ed. by P.I. Krivoshapkin. - Yakutsk, 2008. – 216 P. (In Russian)
2. Sistema podgotovki sportsmenov v olimpiyskom sporte. Obshchaya teoriya i prakticheskie prilozheniya (System of training athletes in Olympic sport. General theory and practical applications) / V.N. Platonov. – Moscow: Sovetsky sport, 2005. – 820 P. (In Russian)
3. Suslov, F.P. Sportivnaya trenirovka v usloviyakh srednegor’ya (Sports training under middle altitude conditions) / F.P. Suslov, E.B. Gippenreiter, J.K. Kholodov. – Moscow, 1999. – 202 P. (In Russian)

Corresponding author: torgovkinvg@mail.ru, vg.torgovkin@s-vfu.ru