E.A. Bavykin                           
National Mineral Resources University (Mining University), St. Petersburg

Key words: complex martial arts, physical training, endurance.

Introduction. It is well known from the fundamentals of the theory and methodology of sports training that in order to develop special endurance one is to use competitive and special conditioning exercises. Moreover, it should be clearly understood that when choosing such exercises one is to follow the important rule: on the one hand, special conditioning exercises should be similar in the form and content with competitive ones, and on the other hand, - exceed competitive activity in some parameters to create a more stressful and differential impact on various systems of the body, providing the highly efficient target competitive activity [1]. In complex martial arts, where a fight can be held in the standing position and on the ground; the competitive activity is determined primarily by the level of functional fitness of muscles of the pectoral arch [2].

The purpose of the study was to develop and experimentally justify the methodology of development of speed and strength qualities as the basis of special physical training.

Materials and methods. 7 wrestlers from different weight categories were the subjects of the experiment. The experiment was carried out in National Mineral Resources University (Mining University), St. Petersburg. Wrestlers were tested to determine the level of development of physical qualities. The evaluated parameters included level of maximum strength, speed and strength endurance and recovery rate after training “to muscular failure”.

Table 1. Results of the test of speed and strength abilities before the experiment

We also estimated athletes’ recovery rate after the given load, HR was measured immediately after the load, in 1, 2 and 3 minutes, the data are shown in Table 2.

Results and discussion. Speed and strength abilities and special endurance can be developed using specific high-intensity methods in combination with the interval method of training. Exercises are to be selected in accordance with the dynamic stereotype principle.

Exercises should show the structure of competitive activity in more detail. Exercises are performed in a circle and without rest. The intensity is 70% of max.

Exercise intensity is from 80 to 100%. The number of reps in one set is from 2 to 5. Number of circles is 15-20. The rest interval between circles is 1 min or HR less than 120 bpm.

Thanks to a small number of reps an athlete can stay "fresh" throughout the workout, which is good, as the volume of such work can be very high. The weight 70% of the maximum was selected purposefully, such intensity enables the athlete to increase his endurance, but not gain muscle mass in large volumes, in addition, it helps to avoid injuries in most cases, as the working weight is not critical.

Table 2. Results of the test of strength endurance and recovery rate after training "to muscular failure" before the experiment

Table 3. Training load distribution during 1, 3, 5 weeks.

During the second, the fourth and the sixth weeks speed and strength training load will be restorative and limited to two exercises, namely barbell squats and deadlift. The number of sets is from 3 to 5, the number of reps is from 3 to 5, weight - 70% of 1RM.

A control test was made at the end of the experiment to check our hypothesis.

Table 4. Results of the test of speed and strength qualities after the experiment

Table 5. Results of the test of strength endurance and recovery rate after training "to muscular failure" after the experiment

A significant increment was in the indices of strength endurance and recovery rate after the load. We associate it with the fact that exercises performed in its structure are basic, functional and in case of a small number of reps per one set the total amount of work is quite high, which together have a great adaptation effect.

Conclusions.  The methodology we suggested induces to believe that the chosen means and methods promote simultaneous increase of the indices of absolute strength, special endurance and recovery rate.

The number of reps - from 3 to 5, the number of circles - from 15 to 20, the rest interval between circles - 1 min. Thanks to this form of work the athlete stays "fresh" and can cope with big training load, and due to the basic structure of exercises, together they have a great adaptation effect.

References

1. Nikulichev, A.A. The technology of development of special endurance of professional boxers. / A.A. Nikulichev // Uchenye zapiski universiteta im. P.F. Lesgafta. – 2012. – № 10 (92). – P. 120-125. (In Russian)
2. Seluyanov, V.N. Physical training of combatants (sambo and judo) / V.N. Seluyanov, D.V. Maksimov, S.E. Tabakov. – Moscow: TVT Divizion, 2011. – 160 P. (In Russian)

Corresponding author: Panfilio@spmi.ru