Postgraduate student R.R. Gaburov¹
Dr. Hab., Associate Professor N.V. Peshkova^1
1Surgut State University, Surgut

Keywords: preschoolers, judo, anthropometric indicators, body harmony, body mass index.

Introduction. Currently, the demand for sports for preschool children is quite high, in many respects it is due to the desire of parents to strengthen the health of children, ensure a sufficient level of motor activity, physically and mentally prepare for further education at school [1]. For coaches and teachers, the organization of training sessions with preschoolers with the inclusion of elements of the sport creates the opportunity to prepare pupils for enrollment in sports schools, identify talented children, and form motivation to play sports. At the same time, it is important to note that the prospect of a child's involvement in a systematic educational and training process largely depends on the state of his health, one of the characteristics of which is the level of physical development.
The purpose of the study is to evaluate the physical development of older preschoolers engaged in a sports and wellness program with elements of the sport "Judo".
Methodology and organization of the study. The assessment of the physical development of children was carried out on the basis of the UIA DO "Sports school "Arctic" in Muravlenko, which was attended by 43 boys aged 5-7 years (of whom: 7 years – 18 people, 6 years – 15 people, 5 years – 10 people), senior preschoolers engaged in a sports and wellness program with elements of the sport of "Judo". The study of child development was conducted according to the following indicators: body length, body weight, chest circumference. The harmony of development was assessed by the centile method [2], and the values of the body mass index (hereinafter – BMI) were also analyzed [3].
The results of the study and their discussion. An analysis of the physical development of young athletes using centile scales showed that a greater number of preschoolers with a harmonious physique were identified in the group of 7-year-olds, among 6-year-old preschoolers a moderately disharmonious physique prevails (see figure). BMI among 5-7-year-olds in 74.7% of cases corresponds to the norm, in 20.9% of preschoolers body weight exceeds the norm, and in 4.4% it is insufficient. Of the 11 children with deviations in BMI, disharmony of physical development was detected in 54.5% of cases.
Conclusions. An assessment of the physical development of preschoolers engaged in a sports and wellness program with elements of the sport "Judo" revealed deviations in a number of young athletes, mainly associated with a lack or excess of body weight relative to height indicators. The results obtained, on the one hand, actualize the need for an individual approach to the construction of the educational and training process on the part of the coach-teacher, on the other hand, timely informing parents about the organization of rational nutrition of a child engaged in sports.

Literature

1. Eregina, S.V., & Tarasenko, K.N. (2020). Structure and content of judo means for preschoolers aged 3-6 years. Fizicheskaya kul'tura: vospitanie, obrazovanie, trenirovka, (3), 56–58. 
2. Kabanov, A.N., & Chabovskaya, A.P. (1975). Anatomy, physiology, and hygiene of preschool children. Moscow: Prosveshchenie.
3. Chernaya, N.L., Maskova, G.S., Ganuzin, V.M., et al. (2018). Norms for measuring anthropometric indicators in children aged 0 to 19 years according to WHO recommendations. Yaroslavl: [Publisher not specified].