Postgraduate A.A Ryabov¹
PhD, Associate Professor A.V. Petrova¹
PhD, Associate Professor A.F. Zekrin¹
E.K. Ryabova^1
1Tchaikovsky State Institute of Physical Culture, Tchaikovsky, Russia

Corresponding author: zebzeev85@mail.ru

Abstract

Objective of the study was to analyze benefits of the special postural control training model of our design for elite judokas.

Methods and structure of the study. The new postural control training model testing experiment was run at "Snezhinka" Federal Winter Sports Training Center under control of the Tchaikovsky State Institute of Physical Culture team. We sampled for the study the 17-19 year-old judokas qualified Candidate Masters of Sports and Masters of Sports (CMS, MS) and split them up into Reference and Experimental Group (RG, EG) of 14 people each. Their postural control skills were tested by Stabilan-01-02 Computerized Test System with a balance plate and biofeedback capacity to read the body mass center fluctuations across the ground support spot to produce the high-precision static/ dynamic body balancing patterns with the total body mass center travel zone; front/ back/ right/ left deviations; postural control function quality; and fast redirection ratio. The stabilometric tests were dominated by the quiescent-state ones.

In the postural control training model testing experiment, both groups trained for 90 minutes five times a week for three months. The EG training was complemented by the postural-control-building exercises including Tetris, Rectis, Alpine Skiing and Arkanoid with a special emphasis on the top-amplitude sagittal and frontal body mass center movement balancing elements. The postural control progress was rated by the 40-minute Stabilan CTS tests three times a week. The total group progresses were rated by the post-experimental tests.

Results and conclusion. The new postural control training model testing experiment showed the elite judokas (CMS, MS) in the EG making faster progress than the RG in every postural control aspect test. The Stabilan CTS tests and analyses were found beneficial for the individual progress rating and training system customizing aspects to facilitate the technical and competitive progress of elite judokas.

Keywords: judo, postural control, skill level, stabilometry.

Background. Since the modern best athletic training methods with their theoretical and practical provisions and cutting-edge technologies and tools are increasingly accessible for the sports communities the world over, no wonder that many elite athletes are virtually the same in every physical and technical aspect, with such parity heavily restraining their fighting activity. Of special importance in this context are the technical mastery test and analyses making it possible to rate and fully mobilize the individual physical and functional resources in an energy-efficient manner [8, 9]. Postural control in judo is ranked high among the progress-facilitating qualities testable by the ground contact spot variations, body mass center movement across the ground contact spot, shoulder axis travel versus the ground contact, body mass center fluctuations on the move, muscle sensitivity, vestibular function etc. [6].

We would prioritize the following factors of influence on technical progress in judo: postural control, feel of the laws of motion, moments of force, force jointing and coupling logics, impulse of force, individual flexibility, gravity, etc., with the postural control skills ranked among the key ones. Postural control may be defined as the body balancing (equilibrium) skills/ qualities testable in opposition to external off-balancing stressors [1, 2]. Our analysis of the relevant study reports shows that the judo sport communities give a growing priority to the body balancing/ postural control qualities and skills in the technical training systems as they are known to heavily contribute to the individual competitive fitness [1, 6].

Objective of the study was to analyze benefits of the special postural control training model of our design for elite judokas.

Methods and structure of the study. The new postural control training model testing experiment was run at "Snezhinka" Federal Winter Sports Training Center under control of the Tchaikovsky State Institute of Physical Culture team. We sampled for the study the 17-19 year-old judokas qualified Candidate Masters of Sports and Masters of Sports (CMS, MS) and split them up into RG and EG of 14 people each. Their postural control skills were tested by Stabilan-01-02 Computerized Test System with a balance plate and biofeedback capacity to read the body mass center fluctuations across the ground support spot to produce the high-precision static/ dynamic body balancing patterns [3-5, 7] with the total body mass center travel zone; front/ back/ right/ left deviations; postural control function quality; and fast redirection ratio (FRDR). The stabilometric tests were dominated by the quiescent-state ones.

In the postural control training model testing experiment, both groups trained for 90 minutes five times a week for three months. The EG training was complemented by the postural-control-building exercises including Tetris, Rectis, Alpine Skiing and Arkanoid with a special emphasis on the top-amplitude sagittal and frontal body mass center movement balancing elements. The postural control progress was rated by the 40-minute Stabilan CTS tests three times a week. The total group progresses were rated by the post-experimental tests.

Results and discussion. Given in Table hereunder are the pre- versus post-experimental postural control test data.

Table 1. Judo elite’s’ pre- versus post-experimental postural control test data,

Pre-experimental

Note: FRDR - fast redirection ratio; *р<0.05; ** р<0.05 for intergroup difference

The stabilometric test data analysis helped profile the individual postural control progress in the sample, with a special attention to the vestibular function ratings. This function is known to facilitate many vital functions including the muscle tone regulatory one. Thus the EG was tested with the average progress in multidirectional deviations and body mass center travel square by 4.4 mm and 1621 mm2, respectively, versus 2 mm and 694 mm2 in the RG. This progress is indicative of improvements in the body balancing, spatial orientation and dynamic movement control under pressure.

The postural control function tests rate the dynamic components of the individual vertical postural control skills i.e. the spatial orientation aspect. The EG was tested with 0.5% average progress in the postural control function test – versus no progress in the RG. It should be noted that this test profiles to a degree the individual energy efficiency indicative of the psycho-physiological functionality on the whole.

The fast redirection ratio (FRDR) is indicative of the individual fluctuations in technical execution i.e. energy resource management efficiency, with multiple fluctuations interpreted as the performance being energy-inefficient. The EG and RG were tested with 1% and no progress in the FRDR tests, respectively – that may be interpreted as the better energy efficiency and fatigue tolerance in the EG developed by the experimental training.

The intergroup test data differences were significant (p <0.05), with the EG tested better than RG in every postural control test. Therefore, we have grounds to state that the new postural control training model is beneficial and may be recommended for technical trainings of judo elite. The postural control model secures good progress in the technical execution fluency, speed and quality and, hence, may be beneficial for competitive progress.

Conclusion. The new postural control training model testing experiment showed the elite judokas (CMS, MS) in the EG making faster progress than the RG in every postural control aspect test. The Stabilan CTS tests and analyses were found beneficial for the individual progress rating and training system customizing aspects to facilitate the technical and competitive progress of elite judokas.

References

1. Zebzeev V.V. General characteristics of technical training in judo. Training in martial arts: theory, methodology and practice. Proceedings IV nat. research-practical conference (April 25 2014). Tchaikovsky: TGIFK publ., 2014. pp. 34-36.
2. Rybakova E.O. Coordination ladder simulator to build coordination abilities in 11-13 year-old karatekas. Uchenye zapiski universiteta im. P.F. Lesgafta. 2020. No. 4 (182). pp. 385-388.
3. Sliva S.S. Domestic computer stabilography: technical level, functionality and application. Meditsinskaya tekhnika. no. 1. Moscow: Meditsina publ., 2005. pp. 32-36.
4. Sliva S.S. Stabilography in sports. First Russian research-practical conference. Nalchik, 2003. pp. 210-213.
5. Usachev V.I., Abdulkerimov Kh.T., Grigoriev S.G. et al. Automated computer stabilographic diagnosis of ataxia using vector analysis and statistical method of "classification trees". Taganrog: RITM publ., 2004. 24 p.
6. Shepetyuk M.N., Jambyrbaev B.O., Ibraev R.A. Planning general and special physical training in annual training cycle in judo. Vestnik fizicheskoy kultury i sporta. 2017. No. 3 (18). pp. 54-59.
7. Shestakov M.P. Stabilometry in sports. Moscow: Divizion publ., 2007. 112 p.
8. Rybakova E., Shutova T., Vysotskaya T. Sports training of ski jumpers from a springboard based on body composition control and physical fitness. Journal of Physical Education and Sport. 2020. V. 20. No. 2. рр. 752-758.
9. Rybakova E.O. Recreational competency of future bachelors of physical education. Theory and Practice of Physical Culture. 2017. No.8.