General physical fitness building methodology for beginner judokas

ˑ: 

G.S. Maltsev1
Postgraduate A.A. Ryabov1
E.K. Ryabova1
Y.V. Fomenkova1
1Tchaikovsky State Institute of Physical Culture, Tchaikovsky

Corresponding author: mgs210292@mail.ru

Abstract

Objective of the study was to develop and test benefits of a new body conditioning model for beginner judo groups.

Methods and structure of the study. The new body conditioning model testing experiment was run in Berezniki city at the local Youth Olympic Reserve Sports School in November 2019 through February 2020. We sampled the 7-8-year-old male beginners (n=30) and split them up into Experimental and Reference Groups (EG, RG) of 15 boys each.

Results and conclusion. The new body conditioning model includes the following elements:

1. Body conditioning methods designed on a uniform, variable, repetitive and interval bases; with circuit, competitive and team sporting formats; strength training tools (sub-maximal, dynamic and isometric ones); and difficulty-stepping formats with the execution complicating/ simplifying cycles.

2. A range of exercises with specific body conditioning goals in athletics, gymnastics, acrobatics, weightlifting, training machines assisted workouts, relay races, active team sports etc.

3. Trainings varied in intensity, volume and priority goals.

4. Basic physical fitness progress tests to identify individual strengths and weaknesses and adjust the training service correspondingly for progress.

5. Training service customizing based on the body conditioning test data, with the service adjustments prioritizing the training service times, intensities and formats, and with the individualized training service adjusted to the current strengths and weaknesses.

6. The body conditioning service was formatted as provided in Table 1, with the 1.5-hour trainings run three times a week to secure the body conditioning practices averaging 60% of the total training time.

The new body conditioning model for the 7-8 year-old beginner judo groups was tested beneficial due to the following elements: (1) special training methods; 2) sports elements with specific training task goals; (3) training service design and management provisions; (4) customized body conditioning service formats, times and intensities; (5) individualized training service elements; (6) basic physical fitness progress tests to help customize the training service; and (7) pre- versus post-experimental basic physical fitness tests. The latter showed significant progress in the EG versus RG in every basic physical fitness test, that is indicative of the new body conditioning model being beneficial.

Keywords: judo, judokas, body conditioning, beginner judo training, GTO Complex test, training service methodology.

Background. Lately the national judo sport community reports have reported regress in the basic physical fitness of entrants to the beginner (7-8-year-old) judo groups and, hence, welcomes new body conditioning methods beneficial for the first-year beginner training service [1-3, 6].

Objective of the study was to develop and test benefits of a new body conditioning model for beginner judo groups.

Methods and structure of the study. The new body conditioning model testing experiment was run in Berezniki city at the local Youth Olympic Reserve Sports School in November 2019 through February 2020. We sampled the 7-8-year-old male beginners (n=30) and split them up into Experimental and Reference Groups (EG, RG) of 15 boys each.

Results and discussion. The new body conditioning model includes the following elements:

1. Body conditioning methods designed on a uniform, variable, repetitive and interval bases; with circuit, competitive and team sporting formats; strength training tools (sub-maximal, dynamic and isometric ones); and difficulty-stepping formats with the execution complicating/ simplifying cycles.

2. A range of exercises with specific body conditioning goals in athletics, gymnastics, acrobatics, weightlifting, training machines assisted workouts, relay races, active team sports etc.

3. Trainings varied in intensity, volume and priority goals.

4. Basic physical fitness progress tests to identify individual strengths and weaknesses and adjust the training service correspondingly for progress.

5. Training service customizing based on the body conditioning test data, with the service adjustments prioritizing the training service times, intensities and formats, and with the individualized training service adjusted to the current strengths and weaknesses.

6. The body conditioning service was formatted as provided in Table 1, with the 1.5-hour trainings run three times a week to secure the body conditioning practices averaging 60% of the total training time.

7. Eight body conditioning progress tests (see Table 2) recommended by the Federal Sports Training Standards for the 7-10-year-old judokas (qualification and promotion tests) and the GTO Complex tests for the 6-8 year-old boys [4, 5].

Table 1. Standard body conditioning weekly cycle for beginner judo groups

Days

Training formats

Training elements, exercises and goals

Monday

 
  • Uniform
  • Alternating
  • Circuit
  • Sub-maximal
  • Track and field athletics
  • Gymnastics
  • Acrobatics
  • Training machines assisted practices
  • Workouts with own weight
  • Team sports

Wednesday

 
  • Uniform
  • Repetitive
  • Competitive
  • Dynamic
  • Difficulty-stepping
  • Track and field athletics
  • Gymnastics
  • Acrobatics
  • Workouts with own weight
  • Relay races

Friday

 
  • Uniform
  • Interval
  • Team sporting
  • Isometric
  • Difficulty-easing
  • Track and field athletics
  • Gymnastics
  • Acrobatics Workouts with own weight
  • Active games
 

Table 2. Basic physical fitness pre- versus post-experimental test data of the 7-8 year-old sample

Basic physical fitness tests

Pre-exp.,

Х ± σ

Post-exp.,

Х ± σ

± Δ

Δ %

р

Strength

Prone push-ups, reps

RG

11,2±2,9

13,4±2,7

2,2

19,6

< 0,05

EG

11,4±3,1

17,3±2,9

5,9

51,8

< 0,05

Prone pull-ups on the 90cm-high bar, reps

RG

11,6±3,5

12,8±2,8

1,2

10,3

> 0,05

EG

12,3 ± 2,9

15,2 ± 2,1

2,9

23,6

< 0,05

1-min sit-ups, reps

RG

23,3 ± 4,5

26,2 ± 4,2

2,9

12,4

> 0,05

EG

24,5 ± 4,1

34,6 ± 4,3

10,1

41,2

< 0,05

Speed

30m sprint test, s

RG

6,7 ± 0,6

6,4 ± 0,5

0,3

4,5

< 0,05

EG

7,2 ± 0,7

6,1 ± 0,4

1,1

15,3

< 0,05

Speed-strength

Standing long jump, cm

RG

125,7 ± 4,7

132,9 ± 4,8

7,2

5,7

> 0,05

EG

123,3 ± 4,3

141,9 ± 4,4

18,6

15,1

< 0,05

Endurance

1000m cross-country race, time

RG

6,31 ± 0,39

6,18 ± 0,33

0,13

2,1

> 0,05

EG

6,36 ± 0,28

5,33 ± 0,31

1,06

16,7

< 0,05

Coordination

3x10m shuttle sprint, s

RG

10,1 ± 0,5

9,7 ± 0,6

0,4

4

> 0,05

EG

10,2 ± 0,4

9,3 ± 0,5

0,9

8,8

< 0,05

Flexibility

Bench standing lean test, cm

RG

2,6 ± 0,7

4,2 ± 0,9

1,6

61,5

< 0,05

EG

2,3 ± 0,6

7,1 ± 0,7

4,8

208,7

< 0,05
 
The group basic physical fitness test data analysis showed the EG making statistically significant (p <0.05) progress versus the RG in every test. The group progresses were additionally tested by the post-experimental GTO Complex tests (see Figure 2) with qualifications for the GTO Gold, Silver and Bronze badges [4].

Figure 2. Post-experimental GTO Complex test with the group successes in qualifications for the GTO Gold, Silver and Bronze badges

The EG and RG showed significantly different success in the post-experimental GTO Complex tests, with 8, 5 and 2 boys in the EG versus 2, 4 and 9 boys in the RG winning the GTP Gold, Silver and Bronze badges, respectively.

Conclusion. The new body conditioning model for the 7-8 year-old beginner judo groups was tested beneficial due to the following elements: (1) special training methods; 2) sports elements with specific training task goals; (3) training service design and management provisions; (4) customized body conditioning service formats, times and intensities; (5) individualized training service elements; (6) basic physical fitness progress tests to help customize the training service; and (7) pre- versus post-experimental basic physical fitness tests. The latter showed significant progress in the EG versus RG in every basic physical fitness test, that is indicative of the new body conditioning model being beneficial.

References

  1. Barbaryan M.S. Ways to optimize basic training in youth judo. Nauka i sport: sovremennye tendentsii. 2017. No. 1 (V. 14). pp. 11-17.
  2. Zebzeev V.V., Zdanovich O.S. Analysis of special physical fitness of junior judokas. Teoriya i praktika fiz. kultury. 2013.no. 2. pp. 68-70.
  3. Maltsev G.S., Zekrin F.Kh., Zekrin A.F. Modern trends in martial arts training process planning. Teoriya i praktika fiz. kultury. 2020. No. 3. pp. 12-14.
  4. Test standards for the 1st stage of the Russian physical culture and sports GTO complex. [Electronic resource]. Available at: https://www.gto.ru/files/uploads/stages/5cdac8116758a.pdf (date of access: 10.01.2021).
  5. Order of the Ministry of Sports of Russia of August 21, 2017 No. 767 On approval of the Federal standard of sports training in judo sport. [Electronic resource]. Available at: https://minsport.gov.ru/2017/doc/Prikaz767ot21082017.pdf (date of access: 15.01.2021).
  6. Subbotin I.V., Bitsadze N.G. Features of general and special physical fitness of judokas of beginner group. International Scientific Review of the Problemsand Prospects of Modern Science and Education: XLV International Scientific and Practical Conference. Boston, 2018. pp. 111-114.