Postgraduate G.K. Lebedev¹
PhD, Associate Professor L.V. Melnikova¹
G.Y. Prokopenko^1
1Tchaikovsky State Institute of Physical Culture, Tchaikovsky, Russia

Keywords: monitoring, physical fitness, training stage of long-term training, ski jumper.

Corresponding author: melnikova.l.0203@mail.ru

Abstract

Objective of the study was to test benefits of a physical fitness progress test toolkit for training stages in an annual training cycle.

Methods and structure of the study. We sampled for the physical fitness progress test toolkit piloting experiment the third-year junior ski jumpers (n=18) from "Aist" CYORSS in Nizhny Tagil and split them up into EG and RG of 9 people each. The pre-experimental physical fitness tests found insignificant intergroup differences if any. Both groups were trained as required by the yearly training plan that totals 828 academic hours accumulated by six 3-hour trainings (18 hours in total) a week. The group trainings were different in the general and special physical fitness workouts and intensity in the following four training stages in the yearly training cycle.

Stage 1 (May through June) was dominated (75-80%) by the body conditioning tools for progress in general physical fitness, motor qualities and coordination skills, with the complementary technical tools geared to master some ski jumping elements and adapt to the equipment and gear. Stage 2 (July through September) included special preparatory trainings with the ski jumping technique excellence on ramps with artificial snow. Stage 3 (October – early December) is the transitional/ preparatory training period with the physical fitness rated at 55–65% of the total time to focus on the speed-strength workout making up 50% of the physical fitness, plus speed and coordination skills trainings; and the ski jumping technique excellence trainings on ramps, with the equipment and gear adaptation elements. And Stage 4 (January through March) makes a special emphasis on the ski jumping technique excellence on the ramp, with the special physical fitness and technical trainings making up around 35% and 65%, respectively.

The group physical fitness progress test set included the most reliable, efficient/ informative and accessible tests run every 28-39 days, with every physical fitness / technical deviation found by the tests immediately addressed by the training system revisions in scheduling, timing and intensity.

Results and Conclusion. The staged physical fitness progress test toolkit was tested beneficial for the progress rating and training system customizing purposes in the annual youth ski jumping training cycle. The physical fitness progress test toolkit may be recommended for application in the youth ski jumping sport for the individual progress profiling and training system management purposes in every training period and yearly cycle on the whole.

Background. Well-managed physical fitness is known to be critical for competitive performance in modern ski jumping, with the competitive performance and physical fitness correlation known to grow with age in the quantitative and qualitative terms, with a growing contribution of the movement coordination skills [1, 3]. The youth ski jumping training systems give a special priority to the general and special physical fitness training tools, with specific workouts being prudently designed and managed at the training stages and yearly cycles versus the progress test data.

Objective of the study was to test benefits of a physical fitness progress test toolkit for training stages in an annual training cycle.

Methods and structure of the study. We sampled for the physical fitness progress test toolkit piloting experiment the third-year junior ski jumpers (n=18) from "Aist" CYORSS in Nizhny Tagil and split them up into EG and RG of 9 people each. The pre-experimental physical fitness tests found insignificant intergroup differences if any. Both groups were trained as required by the yearly training plan that totals 828 academic hours accumulated by six 3-hour trainings (18 hours in total) a week. The group trainings were different in the general and special physical fitness workouts and intensity in the following four training stages in the yearly training cycle.

Stage 1 (May through June) was dominated (75-80%) by the body conditioning tools for progress in common physical fitness, motor qualities and coordination skills, with the complementary technical tools geared to master some ski jumping elements and adapt to the equipment and gear. Stage 2 (July through September) included special preparatory trainings with the ski jumping technique excellence on ramps with artificial snow. Stage 3 (October – early December) is the transitional/ preparatory training period with the physical fitness rated at 55–65% of the total time to focus on the speed-strength workout making up 50% of the physical fitness, plus speed and coordination skills trainings; and the ski jumping technique excellence trainings on ramps, with the equipment and gear adaptation elements. And Stage 4 (January through March) makes a special emphasis on the ski jumping technique excellence on the ramp, with the special physical fitness and technical trainings making up around 35% and 65%, respectively.

The group physical fitness progress test set included the most reliable, efficient/ informative and accessible tests run every 28-39 days, with every physical fitness / technical deviation found by the tests immediately addressed by the training system revisions in scheduling, timing and intensity.

Results and discussion. Benefits of the general/ special physical fitness tests and the test data analyses were rated, among other things, by the test data correlation analysis and individual scores for the test jumps. We selected the following most effective physical fitness tests (with the test efficiency and dependability ratios in excess of 0.70 and 0.92, respectively): (1) speed rating 30m sprint; (2) speed-strength rating standing long jump and standing high jump; (3) jumping endurance rating pistol jumps and 10 hurdles jumps; (4) coordination rating figure-of-eight-bending; and 3x10m shuttle sprint versus 30m straight sprint; and (5) flexibility rating sit and reach test.

We also used the following standard tests: strength rating prone push-ups; total endurance rating 1000m race; and the strength endurance rating sit-up tests from the valid Federal Sports Training Standard for youth ski jumping sport applied for qualification/ upgrade purposes, albeit low efficient in fact, with the efficiency rations varying at 0.15-0.62. We selected the most informative (beneficial), dependable, time-efficient and accessible tests for the group physical fitness progress rating purposes. Given in Table 1 hereunder are the averaged EG physical fitness test data for the preparatory training stages.

Table 1. Averaged EG physical fitness test data for the preparatory training stages, М±m

Note: * significant (p≤0.05) progress in the EG

Given in Table 2 hereunder are the pre- versus post-experimental group physical fitness test data.

Table 2. Averaged pre- versus post-experimental group physical fitness test data, М±m

Note: * significant (p≤0.05) intergroup difference

The pre- versus post-experimental group physical fitness test data and analyses showed the test toolkit being beneficial physical fitness the staged physical fitness progress profiling purposes in the trainings dominated by the body conditioning tools at the general preparatory stage; speed-strength and speed trainings complemented by the coordination skills and flexibility workouts in the special preparatory and transitional stages; and the physical fitness excellence and retention in the competitive stage.

Conclusion. The staged physical fitness progress test toolkit was tested beneficial for the progress rating and training system customizing purposes in the annual youth ski jumping training cycle. The physical fitness progress test toolkit may be recommended for application in the youth ski jumping sport for the individual progress profiling and training system management purposes in every training period and yearly cycle on the whole.

References

1. Zebzeev V.V., Novikova N.B., Zdanovich O.S. et al. Teoriya i praktika pryzhkov na lyzhakh s tramplina i lyzhnogo dvoeborya [Theory and practice of ski jumping and Nordic combined]. Tchaikovsky: Tchaikovsky State Institute of Physical Culture publ., 2020. 479 p.
2. Ob utverzhdenii Federalnogo standarta sportivnoy podgotovki po vidu sporta pryzhki na lyzhakh s tramplina. Ministerstvo sporta Rossiyskoy Federatsii [On the approval of the Federal standard of sports training in ski jumping sport. Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation. Order of June 18, 2013 No. 394] [Electronic resource] Available at: http://docs.cntd.ru/document/499029861. Screen title.
3. Ulaga M., Čoh M., Jošt B. Validity of the dimensional configuration of the reduced potential performance model in ski jumping. Kinesiology. 2006. 38 (2). р. 185-192.