Y.Y. Zakharova¹
PhD A.A. Zakharov¹
A.V. Burnashev¹
Associate Professor V.N. Alekseev^2
1Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University, Yakutsk
²Churapcha State Institute of Physical Culture and Sports, Churapcha

Corresponding author: alalza@mail.ru

Abstract

Objective of the study was to test and analyze special physical fitness in mas-wrestling gender groups.

Methods and structure of the study. We sampled for the study the elite mas-wrestlers (n=23, including 10 women and 13 men) qualified Class I to Masters of Sports (men 8 and 9). The women’s group was on average 57.9±7.9kg heavy, 162.3±4.2cm tall and 22.1±5.7 years old; and the men’s group was 68.7±5.5kg heavy, 174.5±6.5cm tall and 19.3±1.3 years old.

We tested the special physical fitness using an AMTI dynamometric test plate in the seated straight pull test. The athletes were tested as follows: on command, the subject would pull the stick straight as strong as possible, with no side twists allowed. The dynamometric test plate data (in lbf) were fixed for 15s, with only the first 12s interval subject to analysis to produce: average per-second strength rates (F1s, F2s, … F12s); top strength in the test (Fmax); strength intensity index (II) that is the per-second strength to top strength ratio: II = F / Fmax * 100; and endurance index (EI) that is the last-second strength to top strength ratio: EI = F12s / Fmax * 100.

Results and Conclusion. The men’s and women’s group were tested with the top strength reached at 3s (592.12±63.78 lbf and 343.40±53.99 lbf, respectively): see Table 1. Since 4s, strength was falling in both groups, with the top strength developed within the 2s-6s interval. Only woman 10 was tested with the top strength reached at 11s.

We also tested significance of the per-second strength averages versus the 3s top strengths in both groups – to find the women’s group showing a statistically significant gap between the 1s/ 8s-12s and 3s test rates. 

The study data and analyses give grounds to highlight the four pulling strength zones in the seated pull special physical fitness (top-strength) test of the elite mas-wrestlers that are recommended for the individual special physical fitness test systems: zone 1: first second; zone 2: 2 through 7 seconds; zone 3: 8 through 9 seconds; and zone 4: 10 through 12 seconds. We would recommend findings of the study for consideration by the mas-wrestling elite coaching community for the special physical training system design and management purposes.

Keywords: physical training, women's sport, dynamometric test plate, testing, intensity, sexual dimorphism.

Background. Modern mas-wrestling sport competition is a face-to-face sitting stick pulling/ tugging event played by Madyyn's (mas-wrestlers) whose physical training systems naturally prioritize strength workouts [1, 5, 8] both in the men’s and women’s groups. The women’s elite mas-wrestlers’ anthropometric characteristics and functionality test data demonstrate that the long-term mas-wrestling trainings and competitions develop strong physique and tend to smooth down the natural dimorphic differences towards minor andromorphic elements in body builds [7].

Objective of the study was to test and analyze special physical fitness in mas-wrestling gender groups.

Methods and structure of the study. We sampled for the study the elite mas-wrestlers (n=23, including 10 women and 13 men) qualified Class I to Masters of Sports (men 8 and 9). The women’s group was on average 57.9±7.9kg heavy, 162.3±4.2cm tall and 22.1±5.7 years old; and the men’s group was 68.7±5.5kg heavy, 174.5±6.5cm tall and 19.3±1.3 years old.

We tested the special physical fitness using an AMTI dynamometric test plate in the seated straight pull test. The athletes were tested as follows: on command, the subject would pull the stick straight as strong as possible, with no side twists allowed. The dynamometric test plate data (in lbf) were fixed for 15s, with only the first 12s interval subject to analysis to produce: average per-second strength rates (F1s, F2s, … F12s); top strength in the test (Fmax); strength intensity index (II) that is the per-second strength to top strength ratio: II = F / Fmax * 100; and endurance index (EI) that is the last-second strength to top strength ratio: EI = F12s / Fmax * 100.

Results and discussion. The men’s and women’s group were tested with the top strength reached at 3s (592.12±63.78 lbf and 343.40±53.99 lbf, respectively): see Table 1. Since 4s, strength was falling in both groups, with the top strength developed within the 2s-6s interval. Only woman 10 was tested with the top strength reached at 11s.

We also tested significance of the per-second strength averages versus the 3s top strength in both groups – to find the women’s group showing a statistically significant gap between the 1s/ 8s-12s and 3s test rates. The women’s group top strength (Fmax) was tested 42% lower than the men’s one, with the shortest and largest intergroup strength gaps tested at 1s (30.12%) and 10s (46.94%), respectively, whilst the last-second (F12с) strength gap made up 45.90%.

Table 1. Average per-second strength test rates in the men’s (n=13) and women’s (n=10) groups

The per-second strength to top strength ratio helped profile the individual strength control intensity. The profiles showed the women’s group faster losing intensity than the men’s one, with the groups strength falling by the last second to 84.5% and 90.6% of the top levels, respectively. These intensity profiles made it possible to rate the individual special endurances.

Leading in the men’s group on the top strength (Fmax = 685 lbf) and intensity index (II = 90.5%) scales was the mas-wrestling National Champion, Master of Sport; followed by one more Master of Sport who was tested with Fmax = 674.2 lbf and II = 91.1%. These test data show that the top-ranking Madyns are the best in developing the top strength and keeping the strength intensity above 90% of the top level for 12s. Leading in the women’s group were two Candidate Masters of Sport with the top strength tested at 419.7 lbf and 403.7 lbf. The gender group leaders’ top-strength gap was estimated at 40.0%.

Sports experts report the highest gender gaps for the speed-strength-intensive sports with major contributions of the upper-limb muscles, plus the sports where women are less experienced [2, 4]. Thus a comparative analysis of the top competitive accomplishments of the gender groups in weightlifting sport shows the gender performance gaps depending on the weight classes and competitive events. In the same weight class (69 kg), for instance, the gender gaps are the following: snatch: 22.43%; clean and jerk; 20.21%; and combined: 21.12% [3]. We would mention in this context that the female mas-wrestlers generally have larger resource for progress in the strength training.

We also tested significance of the per-second strength averages versus the 3s top strengths in both groups – to find the women’s group showing statistically significant gap between the 1s/ 8s-12s and 3s test rates. The group 2s, 4s, 5s, 6s and 7s test rates were found insignificantly different from the top 3s test rate (p> 0.05).

The men’s group was tested with the 1s/ 2s strength test rates significantly lower than the top 3s second test rate (p <0.01). The low 2s strengths tested in the group may be explained by the fact that the subjects were instructed to reach the top strength in the test rather than do it as fast as possible. The men’s group 4s, 5s, 6s and 7s test rates were tested fairly close to the top level followed by a significant drop at 8s – as is the case in the women’s group as well. Both groups were tested with the significant pulling strength drops at 10s of the test.

Conclusion. The study data and analyses give grounds to highlight the four pulling strength zones in the sitting pulling special physical fitness (top-strength) test of the elite mas-wrestlers that are recommended for the individual special physical fitness test systems: zone 1: first second; zone 2: 2 through 7 seconds; zone 3: 8 through 9 seconds; and zone 4: 10 through 12 seconds. We would recommend findings of the study for consideration by the mas-wrestling elite coaching community for the special physical training system design and management purposes.

References

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