PhD, Associate Professor E.V. Starkova¹
Postgraduate A.S. Lyubimova^1
1Perm State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Perm

Keywords: athletic gymnastics, squat, movement technique, intermuscular coordination.

Introduction. Squat with a barbell on the shoulders is a multifunctional exercise, the performance of which depends not only on the strength of the main muscle groups involved, but also on the ability to intermuscular coordination, the level of flexibility.
The aim of the study is to provide experimental justification for conscious self-control and sensory corrections of motor actions by students in the process of mastering the technique of the exercise "Squat with a barbell on the shoulders".
Methodology and organization of the study. The study (September-November 2020) was attended by 1st‑year students (EG, n=9, KG, n=9) of the Perm State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University, studying in the elective course on physical culture and sports "Athletic Gymnastics". The main attention in the process of mastering the technique of the exercise was paid to conscious movement control when performing a special-summing exercise "Squat, hands behind the head": control of muscle sensations, compliance with biomechanical landmarks, self-assessment of passing all control points to transfer the motor skill, the formed way of action [1] to perform the competitive exercise "Squat with a barbell on the shoulders". Based on the analysis of the variants of the technique of performing squats with a barbell on the shoulders ("knee-dominant", "pelvic-dominant", "balanced"), we developed: the structure of the technique of "balanced" type of squats, consisting of 10 elements (control points), and a scale for evaluating the correctness of performance. "Balanced" type of squats was selected as the most safe for health of the students and to avoid excessive load on muscles – extensors of the hip, lumbar spine and displacement of the common center of gravity back, increasing the load on the cervical spine, the redistribution of gravity of the projectile in the knee joints and the quadriceps.
The results of the study and their discussion. A comparative analysis of the technique of performing squats with a barbell on the shoulders (expert assessment, self-assessment, pair assessment) indicates significant differences (p<0.05, White's T-test) in the indicators of EG and KG. The increase in EG was 25.5 % {before the experiment-below average (5.89±1.05), after-high (8.44±0.68)}, and in KG-14.5 % {before the experiment-below average (5.33±1.27), after-average (6.78±0.84)}.
Conclusions. The implementation of this approach allows students to teach the correct technique of performing squats with a barbell on their shoulders based on the formation of self-control skills, the ability to consciously perform any motor actions, which in the future will prevent injuries and diseases of the body.

References

1. zaporozhets a.v. selected psychological works: in 2 vols. 2. development of voluntary movements / a.v. zaporozhets. - m.: pedagogika, 1986 – - 296 p.