PhD E.A. Lubyshev^{1, 2}
PhD, Associate Professor A.V. Titovsky²
I.M. Bodrov²
S.P. Golubnichiy^2
1Moscow City Pedagogical University, Moscow
² Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Moscow

Keywords: speed-strength training, physical fitness, active games, volleyball groups, competitive performance, 10-12 year old athletes.

Background. Physical activity is known to improve functionality of every bodily system and facilitate harmonious physical progress and natural intensive maturation with improvements in every psycho-physiological function and individual physical resource accumulation process. A special role in this process is played by critical periods most favorable for functional progress [2]. Regular trainings are known to help improve motor response speeds among other qualities, with the 9-12 year period known to be the most sensitive for such trainings when the response speed grows particularly fast. When the response speed trainings are neglected or ineffective in this period, the accumulated backlog may be hardly liquidated later on.

Athletic physical qualities on the whole and the response speed in particular are critical for progress in the sport-specific motor skills and their time-efficiency [5]. Thus the modern volleyball techniques give a special priority to every game technique and tactical action being fast enough for success. High-speed actions in volleyball may be classified into the active field control footwork; quick and unexpected ball control actions; and teamwork actions including efficient tactics i.e. timely responses to every game situation [4]. A special attention in this context is given to the modern sport research projects geared to improve speed-strength trainings in the junior volleyball sport. The projects will find new education and training models, methods and tools for volleyball beginners to facilitate fast technical and tactical progress, and one of the tools they apply is the modern active games of special appeal and benefits for children and adolescents due to their natural proneness to challenging physical exercises and physical activity geared to cope with obstacles and attain specific self-assertion competitive goals.

The common physical progress securing volleyball training systems in application to adolescent players make a special emphasis on speed, agility and speed-strength endurance elements in the active game formats. Since the modern active games toolkits are rather versatile, they may bring multisided physical and personality developmental benefits for the age-specific physical education systems [3, 5].

Objective of the study was to test benefits of an active games prioritizing speed-strength training model for the 10-12 year old volleyball players.

Methods and structure of the study. We tested, for the purposes of the study, physical fitness with the speed-strength rating standing long jump and Abalakov standing high jump tests; strength rating push-up tests and the speed rating 30m sprint tests [1]. Sampled for the tests (run at "Taktika" Volleyball Center in 01.09.2017 to 31.05.2018) were the 10-12 year-old volleyball players (n=16) split up into Experimental and Reference Groups (EG, RG). The experimental training model was designed to emphasize the speed-strength trainings in the physical fitness progress domain. Based on the pre-experimental physical fitness and speed-strength test data, we developed a customizable active games prioritizing speed-strength training model for the EG.

Special attention in the model design was given to the age- and gender-specific physical fitness and speed-strength training tools including competitive relay races, active games, active team exercises with special multi-/off-/up-jumping, throwing and weightlifting practices including push-ups, pull-ups, fitball juggling and other exercises, plus the muscle-group-focused exercises to train abs, thighs and dorsal muscles. Speed qualities were trained by multiple maximal/ sub-maximal intensity repetitions of speed exercises with a special focus on fast responses, plus difficulty-stepping (accelerated ascends, upstairs running etc.), top-pace limbs workouts, skipping rope exercises, relay races etc. Every practice included active game elements to secure harmonized progress in the speed, strength and speed-strength qualities [6]. We run special training sessions focused on these qualities once a week; whilst on the whole the trainings took 2 academic hours 3 times a week. The sample progress was tested by the pre- versus post-experimental physical fitness and speed-strength tests.

Results and discussion. Benefits of the active games prioritizing speed-strength training model for the 10-12 year old volleyball players are demonstrated in Tables 1 and 2. Given in Table 3 are the age-specific proportions of the speed-strength training tools in the new model.

Table 1. Pre- versus post-experimental physical fitness test data of the sample

Table 2. EG and RG progress tests rates for the study period

Table 3. Age-specific proportions of the speed-strength training tools in the new model, %

The physical fitness and speed-strength trainings of the 10-12 year old volleyball players shall be sensitive to their individual responses to the speed-strength workloads, with a special priority to the rehabilitation-control heart rate tests. We recommend the speed-strength training workloads for the age group being controlled by the heart rate rehabilitation time needed to achieve the 120-130 beats/ min threshold as follows:

• The controlled-intensity-and-pace speed-strength practices are recommended to be limited by 10-15s and repeated 5-8 times; and jumping practices limited by 12-16s and repeated 7-9 times;

• Throwing practices shall be limited by 20-35s and repeated 14-20 times in every round;

• Rest breaks in between the speed-strength practices shall be 50-60s long.

We found the throwing active games prioritizing speed-strength trainings being most beneficial and safest when they are run 2 times a week, with three serial repetitions; whilst the jumping active games may be run 3 times a week with six serial repetitions. It should be emphasized that the training tools need to be prudently customized and individualized otherwise their benefits may widely differ.

Conclusion. The new active games prioritizing speed-strength training model for the 10-12 year old volleyball players was tested beneficial as its facilitates the long-term age-specific adaptation to the training workloads with good progress in the physical fitness, technical skills and speed-strength domains.

References

1. Bube H., Fek G. Tests in sports practice. M.: Fizkultura i sport publ., 1968.221 p.
2. Golomazov V.A. School Volleyball. M.: Prosveshchenie publ., 1988. 174 p.
3. Lubyshev E.A. Psychological and pedagogical support of athlete in team sports. Teoriya i praktika fiz. kultury. 2018. no. 9. 9 p.
4. Savin V.P. Sports games: Technique, tactics, teaching methods. M.: Akademiya publ., 2002. 250 p.
5. Vyprikov D.V., Bodrov I.M., Buyanova T.V., Golubnichiy S.P. Physical education of youth in context of social transformations. Kultura fizicheskaya i zdorovye. 2018. No. 2 (66). pp. 22-25.
6. Titovskiy A.V. Blocking in modern volleyball. Methodical recommendations. Yaroslavl: YSPU publ., 2011. 27 p.

Corresponding author: bemmer007@yandex.ru

Abstract

Objective of the study was to test benefits of an active games prioritizing speed-strength training model for the 10-12 year old volleyball players.

Methods and structure of the study. We tested, for the purposes of the study, physical fitness with the speed-strength rating standing long jump and Abalakov standing high jump tests; strength rating push-up tests and the speed rating 30m sprint tests [1]. Sampled for the tests (run at "Taktika" Volleyball Center in 01.09.2017 to 31.05.2018) were the 10-12 year-old volleyball players (n=16) split up into Experimental and Reference Groups (EG, RG). The experimental training model was designed to emphasize the speed-strength trainings in the physical fitness progress domain. Based on the pre-experimental physical fitness and speed-strength test data, we developed a customizable active games prioritizing speed-strength training model for the EG.

Results and conclusions. The use of active games to develop the young volleyball players' speed-strength qualities yielded significant results. The findings made it possible to substantiate the pedagogical conditions that are necessary for the effective management of the process of speed-strength training of junior volleyball players. The most preferable parameter for standardizing the speed-strength loads in volleyball is the time of heart rate recovery to 120-130 bpm.

The new active games prioritizing speed-strength training model for the 10-12 year old volleyball players was tested beneficial as its facilitates the long-term age-specific adaptation to the training workloads with good progress in the physical fitness, technical skills and speed-strength domains.