Y.G. Kalinnikova¹
PhD, Associate Professor E.S. Inozemtseva¹
Dr.Med., Professor L.V. Kapilevich^1
1National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk

Keywords: aerobics, heart rate and pace control, rhythmic load, functionality.

Background. University entrants are traditionally examined by medical commissions and referred to the academic health groups, albeit the valid examination protocols are free of physiological test data including the stress tolerance rates [6]. Efforts to customize the academic physical education systems are often limited by the shortages of the functionality test data [2, 3]. The national universities increasingly report the cases of the formally healthy students losing consciousness and tested with convulsive seizures and cardiological disorders even in the low-intensity physical practices [1]. When the actual physical practices exceed the functional capacities, it is not unusual that they result in pathological conditions that may evolve into chronic diseases [7]. We believe that the academic aerobic trainings may be facilitated by theoretically grounded rhythmic musical illustrations [2].

Objective of the study was to find the physiological criteria for the individualized heart rate and pace controlling women’s aerobic practices in the academic physical education service.

Methods and structure of the study. We sampled for the study the 17-20 year-old (18±1.5 on average) female students from the main health group trained in the academic aerobics groups. The study included three stages: see Figure 1 hereunder. The three-stage tests included the prior physical fitness tests followed by the 20-25-min heart rate and pace control aerobics practices. The training process was rated and paced as follows: S (slow) pace with the heart rate of 115-125 beats per min; M (moderate) pace with the heart rate of 125-140 beats per min; and F (fast) pace with the heart rate of 140-160 beats per min. The test data was classified into the following three data arrays: varied physical load versus HRP tests (combined test plus electroencephalographic (EEG) test data); musical illustration versus the EEG test data; and the musical illustration versus the heart rate and pace control practices versus EEG test data. The study included psychological, psycho-physiological and blood lactate tests.

Results and discussion. We have found in our prior studies that heart rate and pace control aerobic practices need to be customized to the psycho-physiological test and brain bioelectric activity test data [4]. A psychological comfort survey found the growing rhythm of the aerobic practices stepping up the anxiety rates; whilst the psychical activity, interest, emotionality and tension test rates were found virtually independent on the HRP. Thus the moderate-paced practices (125-140 beats per min) were found to improve the current subjective wellbeing rates. The psycho-physiological tests showed the phased adaptation patterns versus the HRP variations. Thus the physical practices rated at 140-plus beats per min were found to activate the central regulatory mechanisms for adaptation to the workloads, despite the growing fatigue, with improved strength and movement coordination qualities and changes to the asymmetric motor patterns [5].

The HRP variation versus the brain bioelectric activity profiling tests found the growing-rhythm practices to increase the mental/ emotional tension; strengthen the inhibition processes; and activate the cortical regulatory systems. The low-pace rhythmic workloads were found to desynchronize the short inter-hemispherical links, whilst the higher-pace rhythms facilitated the electric activity synchronizing. The varied-HRP physical activity was found to suppress coherence, with the effect being more expressed in the low-pace range of the alpha activity and in the high-pace range of the theta activity.

Figure 1. Structure of the study

The pre- versus post-training capillary blood lactate tests showed the oxygen debt data (i.e. the oxygen needed to oxidate the under-oxidized metabolic products accumulated in high-intensity muscular work) being virtually the same in the three groups. This gave us the grounds to believe that the oxygen debt depends on the movement rhythm rather than intensity. Based on these data, we offered the following practical recommendations on the rhythm management in the aerobic practices versus the brain bioelectrical activity and the psychological and psycho-physiological test data.

Slow-paced (115-125 bpm) practices are recommended for the groups tested with the anxiety rates of 43-plus %; moderate to high success motivations; low to moderate failure avoidance motivations; low mental/ nervous tension rates; moderate subjective wellbeing rates; and moderate current mental state rates. Based on the psycho-physiological test data we recommended the slow-paced practices for the individuals with the weak-type nervous systems, startup work pace of 6.7-plus Hz, strength asymmetry ratio of 6.7-plus; and 40-minus points on the coordination scale.

Moderate-paced (125-140 bpm) practices are recommended for the groups tested with the anxiety rates of 43-60%; moderate to high success motivations; moderate to high failure avoidance motivations; low mental/ nervous tension rates; expressed emotional discomforts; and moderate/ satisfactory subjective wellbeing rates. Based on the psycho-physiological test data we recommended these practices for the individuals with the moderate-weak-type nervous systems, startup work pace of 6.7-minus Hz, strength asymmetry ratio of 6.5-plus; and 40-50 points on the coordination scale.

And the fast-paced (140-146 bpm) practices are recommended for the groups tested with the anxiety rates of 43-minus %; low success motivations; high failure avoidance motivations; moderate mental/ nervous tension rates; moderate emotional comfort;  moderate subjective wellbeing rates; and favorable current mental status. Based on the psycho-physiological test data we recommended these practices for the individuals with the startup work pace of 6.0-plus Hz, strength asymmetry ratio of 5.8-plus; and 50-plus points on the coordination scale.

When the alpha and beta activity are tested to fall immediately after the aerobic practices, the pace is recommended to be reduced to 115-125 beats per min since the trainees are physically unfit for the workloads. Growths of the delta activity coherence rates may be interpreted as indicative of the optimal pace; and when they are tested to fall, the pace is recommended to be increased to 140-160 beats per min.

Conclusion. The combined physiological state versus performance tests were found beneficial for the training workload management at the initial training stage, with the tests giving the means to track progress and timely adjust/ individualize the training process as required by the training process goals and requirements.

References

1. Zemlyanaya A.A., Radchenko G.S., Fedotchev A.I. Musical therapeutic effects controlled by biopotential of patient's brain in the correction of functional disorders. Zhurnal nevrologii i psihiatrii im. S.S. Korsakova. 2018. v. 118 (3). pp. 103–106.
2. Chen J. Factor analysis-based Chinese universities aerobics sustainable development research. BioTechnology: An Indian Journal, 2014, 10(8), 2714-2721.
3. Huang Z. Experimental study on stratified teaching method in the teaching of the elective course of aerobics. Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies, 2018, 21(2) doi:10.26802/jaots.2017.07071
4. Kalinnikova Yu.G., Inozemtseva E.S., Galazhinskiy E.V. Kogerentny analiz EEG pri fizicheskikh nagruzkakh i zvukovom soprovozhdenii razlichnoy ritmotempovoy struktury. Teoriya i Praktika Fizicheskoy Kultury, 2015, no. 11, pp. 36-38.
5. Kalinnikova, Yu.G., Inozemtseva, E.S., Kapilevich, L.V. Physiological responses of athletes to rhythmic loads. Teoriya i Praktika Fizicheskoy Kultury, 2017. no. 10, pp. 91-92.
6. Wang L., Li J., Bai S. e.a. The effect of different exercise on anxiety and depression of college students. Paper presented at the AIP Conference Proceedings, 2019, 2079 doi:10.1063/1.5092411
7. Yu J. Training standard scheme of aerobics based on singular value decomposition algorithm. Journal of Advanced Oxidation Technologies, 2018, 21(2) doi:10.26802/jaots.2018.08131

Corresponding author: kisa101090@yandex.ru

Abstract

University entrants are traditionally examined by medical commissions and referred to the academic health groups, albeit the valid examination protocols are free of physiological test data including the stress tolerance rates. The study was designed to find physiological criteria for individualized heart rate/ pace controls in the women’s aerobics practices. The study included psychological, psycho-physiological and blood lactate tests. We sampled for the study the 17-20 year-old (18±1.5 on average) female students from the main health group trained in the academic aerobics groups. The three-stage tests included the physical fitness tests followed by the 20-25-min heart rate/ pace controlling aerobics practices. The training process was rated and paced as follows: S (slow) pace with the heart rate of 115-125 beats per min; M (moderate) pace with the heart rate of 125-140 beats per min; and F (fast) pace with the heart rate of 140-160 beats per min. We also tested effects of the heart rate and pace controlling physical practices with/ without musical illustrations.

The aerobic heart rate and pace controlling practices were tested to be of multisided positive effects on the psycho-physiological and electroencephalographic test rates versus the background test rates. The combined physiological state versus performance tests were found beneficial for the training workload management at the initial training stage, with the tests giving the means to track progress and timely adjust/ individualize the training process as required by the training process goals and requirements.