N.D. Nikolaev¹
PhD, Associate Professor V.G. Torgovkin¹
PhD P.I. Krivoshapkin^1
1Institute of Physical Culture and Sport of North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov, Yakutsk

Keywords: training cycle, freestyle wrestling, Hapsagay wrestling, training, design, model, theoretical and practical support.

Background. Modern sport practices give a special priority to the technical/ tactical excellence tools based mostly on the A.A. Novikov’s training system supplemented (as traditional for the Yakut teams) by the D.P. Korkin’s training technologies [1, 2]. Many analysts have supported the idea of wrestling actions being phased and systematized, and we are developing new training models with a special priority to the ‘harmonized progress in the speed-strength qualities’. The models are based on comprehensive analyzes of the wrestling techniques, with a special emphasis on every action logics and semantics and individualized approach to the theoretical and practical trainings [4].

Objective of the study was to improve the academic wrestlers’ training systems by the phased ‘kinetic energy prioritizing’ model by M.G. Okroshidze and A.A. Novikov.

Method and structure of the study. The training process was phased into micro-cycles under the study with account the aerobic, anaerobic and special workloads [3]. The wrestlers’ motor activity in the training process was tested prior to and after the training cycle. The training cycle was 21 days long, with 3 weekly phases, and the whole training took three cycles for 3 months. Progress of the sample in the speed-strength building and aerobic and anaerobic performance aspects was tested by a set of standard tests.

Table 1. Phased wrestling techniques and tactics

We offered a phased technical/ tactical action frame with the reference points for the distance control footwork and contact with the opponent: see Table 1. Note that the Hapsagay wrestling rules do not require the opponent touching the mat with the shoulder blades.

We run the new training model testing experiment in the regular education and training service at the Institute of Physical Culture and Sport of North-Eastern Federal University named after M.K. Ammosov, Yakutsk, and Triumph Training Center, with 20 wrestlers (12 Masters of Sport including 2 Republican Hapsagay Masters, 6 Candidate Masters of Sport, and 2 Class I Freestyle Wrestlers. The athletic group was split up into Experimental and Reference Groups (EG, RG) of equally skilled 10 people each.  

The training under the study lasted for 21 days and included three weekly cycles, with the anaerobic-aerobic trainings on the weekends as follows: adaptation week 1 dominated by aerobic practices; high-intensity week 2 dominated by anaerobic practices; and anaerobic-aerobic training week 3.

Results and discussion. Our method made it possible to rate the technical/ tactical mastery of the sample in every phase of a technical action: see Table 1. The trainings included the following practices: (1) mastered hold mimicking elementary exercises; and (2) the key muscular group strengthening practices to improve the hold/ counter-hold skills. Individual technical/ tactical mastery testing model offered a 360-second bout of two 3-min periods with a 30-s rest break: see Table 2.

Table 2. Sample protocol of a test wrestling bout

Note:  (+) means the combinations by Athlete 2 with a few successive holds or take down

The athletes’ heart rates were read by Polar monitors, with the 29+ beats per 10s rated a high-intensity HR on recommendation of the coaches. Given in Table 3 hereunder are the HR data of the EG and RG – indicative of a meaningful advantage of the EG.

Table 3. EG versus RG HR intensity data in the tested technical/ tactical actions (TTA)

The analyzed TT performance excellence model is particularly beneficial due to the strict goal-setting and the possibility for the fighter to control the action intensity in every phase, with a special emphasis on the technical training phase both in the freestyle and Hapsagay wrestling.

Conclusion. The study data and analyses showed benefits of the experimental phased training model for the technical/ technical excellence. It should be emphasized that the new model offers a phased individualized technical/ technical excellence program with the individual progress goals in the distance control, timing and other fight control aspects, with the relevant movement biomechanics versus the static/ dynamic hierarchy of standard positions. The training process was designed based on the sport-specific movement coordination and muscle group development exercises to improve the attack and defense mastery.

The model will be further customized by the real bouts mimicking elements with distracters using the test data generated by Qualisys Track Manager i.e. a three-positional video recording system; with the data analyzed by Qualisys Medical movement biomechanics analyzer system; plus test data produced by Amti dynamometric platforms available at the Olympic and National Sports Research Center of Ammosov Institute of Physical Culture and Sport of North-Eastern Federal University.

References

1. Korkin D.P., Krivoshapkin P.I. [ed.] Experience in elite wrestler training: handwritten materials by the Honored Coach of the USSR DP. Korkin. Yakutsk, 2008. 216 p.
2. Novikov A.A. Basics of sportsmanship. 2nd ed., rev., sup. M.: Sovetskiy sport publ., 2012. 256 p.
3. Rochev I.A., Lubysheva L.I. Conjugate development of universal technical and tactical actions and speed-strength qualities of freestyle wrestlers. Teoriya i praktika fiz. kultury. 2013. # 6. pp. 9-10.
4. Tumanyan G.S. Wrestling: theory, methodology, organization of training. Study guide. In 4 v. V. 3. Training Methodology. M.: Sovetskiy sport publ., 1997. 285 p.

Abstract

Modern sport practices give a special priority to the technical/ tactical excellence tools based mostly on the A.A. Novikov’s training system supplemented (as traditional for the Yakut teams) by the D.P. Korkin’s training technologies. Objective of the study was to improve the academic wrestlers’ training systems by the phased ‘kinetic energy prioritizing’ model by M.G. Okroshidze and A.A. Novikov. The training process was phased into micro-cycles under the study with account the aerobic, anaerobic and special workloads. We sampled academic wrestlers for the new model testing experiment with contributions from coaches and a Hapsagay wrestling expert. Their progress in the speed-strength building and aerobic and anaerobic performance aspects was tested by a set of standard tests. The new model offers a phased technical/ technical excellence program with the progress goals in the distance control, timing and other fight control aspects. The training process was designed based on the sport-specific movement coordination and muscular group development exercises to improve the attack and defense mastery. The progress of the sample was tested by practical wrestling bouts of two 3-minute periods each. The new technical/ tactical phased excellence model was found beneficial as verified by the progress test data.