PhD, Associate Professor A.M. Simakov¹
E.N. Korostelev²
 A.V. Zaytsev^2
1Lesgaft National State University of Physical Education, Sport and Health, St. Petersburg
²St. Petersburg Mining University, St. Petersburg

Keywords: analysis, World Championship, taekwondo, events, competitive accomplishment.

Background. National taekwondo requires a special attention from the theoretical and practical sport research communities due to the recent major revisions to the rules of competitions that may seriously hamper the individual and team competitive progress.

Objective of the study was to analyze the competitive performance of the Russian athletes in the sparring events at the XIII International Taekwondo Federation World Taekwondo Championship in the context of the new rules of competitions – to offer practical recommendations on how the speed endurance may be excelled by a new training model of our design.

Results and discussion. Having analyzed the competitive performance of the Russian juniors, we acknowledge their individual and team successes in the sparring events: see Table 1 hereunder.

The Russian 14-15 year-olds won 3 gold, 4 silver and 3 bronze medals; and the 16-17 year-olds won 2 gold, 4 silver and 9 bronze medals in the individual sparring events; plus the 14-15 year-old men and women won 2 gold medals and the 16-17 year old men and women won silver and bronze medals in the team sparring events, respectively, with the men being second only to the national team of North Korea, founder and leader of this sport discipline.

Detailed analysis of the competitive performance of the national team shows that our juniors have still failed to fully adapt to the revised rules of competitions in the individual sparring events. It was the World Championship where the revised rules of competitions were first introduced, with their prior circuit qualifications for the individual semifinals and finals and with every weight class broken down into subgroups of three-four competitors. Every subgroup competitor now fights two-three times with every qualifier to the subgroup, with the wins and losses scored by two and no points, respectively. The subgroup winners qualify for the semifinals and finals, with the referees’ decisions taken into account in case of equal subgroup scores. The new rules also require the net round time being fixed, with the timeouts on the referee’s decisions deducted from the total time.

Fight video replays show a growth of the total fight time by 2-3min due to the stoppages. The revised rules set forth new provisions for the video replays that allow the second to challenge some official call by a special card to stop the fight and check the action by an instant video replay. When the check supports the challenge, the technical action is scored and the card returned to the second. Otherwise the claim is turned down with the card withhold and no further challenges allowed for the remaining fight time. This new provisions were intended to step up the refereeing service quality albeit the instant replays on challenges are allowed only when the referee presumably fails to score a highly coordinated attack. Such attacks are very seldom in the top-ranking fights and this is the only reason why the new provisions have been of relatively insignificant impact on the refereeing service quality. The competitive outfits were also revised in the new rules, with the competitors now required to wear 10-ounce boxing gloves and shin shields to scale down the injury rates.

On the whole, however, the revisions have radically changed the precompetitive trainings for the individual sparring events. The new circuit system have increased the numbers of fights and, hence, the mental and physical burden on the fighters, all the more that every fight in the individual events is now run on the same day.

New provision on the net fight time fixing actually set forth extra requirements to the athletes’ physical fitness. Our analysis of the fight records, questionnaire surveys of the coaches and athletes and interviews of the leading experts found that the speed endurance of the limb muscles is critical for success in the individual sparring discipline.

We made a special emphasis in our training model design and toolkit on the speed endurance trainings for the individual sparring events and applied the relevant study data and analysis with concern to some other sport disciplines including boxing and kickboxing [5, 6], judo [4] and freestyle wrestling [1-3] for the purposes of the study.

As a result, we developed practical recommendations and special circuit training model with an emphasis on speed endurance. The new training model offers five stations for the high-intensity kicking and punching practices, with each station worked out for 1min with a 3min rest break. In addition to the standard front straight/ rotation kicks and straight punches and hooks, the fifth station is designed to excel in versatile connections i.e. kick/ punch series. The new training method was described in more detail in a special speed endurance building instruction manual for the excellence training stage. [7].

Conclusion. The national junior taekwondo team’s excellence training system shall give a special priority to every progress aspect offered by the modern individualized/ combined/ permanent training concepts. Russian athletes are deservedly ranked with the world taekwondo elite and expected to compete for the titles in every event of this sport discipline. Changes to the rules of competitions need to be timely and duly addressed by the national sport elite training systems for competitive success in every top-ranking event.

References

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7. Simakov A.M., Rudenko G.V., Korostelev E.N. Metodika razvitiya skorostnoy vynoslivosti v thekvondo na etape sovershenstvovaniya sportivnogo masterstva (15-16 let) [240th anniversary of National Mineral Resources University «Mining»]. Uchenye zapiski universiteta im. P.F. Lesgafta,2018, no. 2 (156), pp. 219-223.

Corresponding author: simakov-tkd@yandex.ru

Abstract

The study analyzes competitive performance of the leading Russian athletes in the sparring event at the XIII International Taekwondo Federation World Taekwondo Championship in the context of the new rules of competitions. Modern elite training process is rather difficult and is further challenged by the new rules of competitions for the XIII International Taekwondo Federation World Taekwondo Championship that showed the speed endurance of the national team being insufficient. As a result, the national sport community realized the need for a special practical circuit training toolkit to improve this deficient quality. The new training method includes five stations for high-intensity kicking and punching practices, with each station worked out for 1min with a 3min break in between the stations. In addition to the standard front straight/ rotation kicks and straight punches and hooks, the fifth station excels versatile connections i.e. kicking/ punching series. The new training method was described in more detail in a special speed endurance development instruction manual for the excellence training stage. The authors conclude that the junior national taekwondo team’s excellence training system shall give a special priority to every progress aspect offered by the modern individualized/ combined/ permanent training concepts.