M.O. Odintsova¹
Dr. Biol., Professor S.Yu. Zavalishina²
A.A. Zhukova^3
1Astrakhan State Medical University, Astrakhan
²Russian State Social University, Moscow
³Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow

Keywords: athletics, heart, myocardium, physical activity, muscle load.

Introduction. The increase in general motor activity due to regular sports training leads to pronounced stimulation of all internal organs [1]. Weak physical activity, on the contrary, leads to detrainment and the formation of various pathologies, seriously threatening the state of health [2]. In this regard, it is significant to continue to clarify the mechanisms of stimulation of cardiac activity during regular athletics loads.
The aim of the study is to identify the functional features of the heart in young athletes.
Methodology and organization of the study. 16 clinically healthy young track and field athletes aged 18-20 years with at least two years of sports experience were examined. The collected control group included 15 clinically healthy young men of comparable age who had never been involved in sports. Ultrasound assessment of the heart condition was performed using SSD-80 Aloka (Japan), followed by statistical data processing and calculation of the Student's t-test value.
The results of the study and their discussion. There were significant differences in the characteristics taken into account in athletes and young men in the control. The main differences between the compared groups were associated with the condition of the walls of the left ventricle. The mass of his myocardium in athletes was 17.5% greater than that in the control. The transverse size of the left ventricle during the development of diastole in athletes tended to prevail over the control level. The maximum rate of myocardial relaxation in the posterior wall of the left ventricle in athletes was 27.2% higher. The thickness of the posterior wall of the left ventricle at the time of diastole was 14.2% greater than in the control (p<0.05). The value of the final diastolic volume in athletes was 9.3% lower than the control. The impact volume in the two observed groups was comparable.
Conclusion. Athletics classes on a regular basis lead young men to functionally advantageous thickening of the myocardium of the left ventricle while maintaining the normal volume of its cavity at the optimum of its pumping capabilities.

Literature

1. Makhov A.S. Functional basics of motivation of people with musculoskeletal disorders for adaptive sports practices / A.S. Makhov, I.N. Medvedev // Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kultury.  2019. No. 10.  p. 59.
2. Medvedev I.N. Heart functional indicators in hand workers / I.N. Medvedev, E.N. Latushkina, A.A. Mikhailov et al. // Teoriya i praktika fizicheskoy kultury.  2022.  No. 8.  pp. 40-42.