Dr. Biol., Professor I.N. Medvedev¹
PhD N.V. Vorobieva²
PhD, Professor A.A. Khvastunov²
E.V. Kichigina^3
1Russian State Social University, Moscow
²Southwest State University, Kursk
3Kursk Academy of State and Municipal Service, Kursk

Keywords: swimming, myocardium, physical training, left ventricle, muscle activity.

Introduction. Regular muscle activity can stimulate the bulk of the physiological and morphological parameters of the body [1].
The aim of the study was to evaluate the functional capabilities of the heart in young swimmers.
Methodology and organization of the study. The work was carried out on 22 clinically healthy young men (17-21 years old) who were engaged in swimming in the pool at least twice a week for at least two years without interruptions. The control group consisted of 25 clinically healthy young men (17-21 years old) who were not engaged in sports activities. An ultrasound examination of the heart was performed on a standard SSD-80 echocardiograph, Aloka (Japan).
The results of the study and their discussion. The diameter of the left atrium in swimmers tended to prevail by 7.4% over that in the control. The diastolic diameter of the left ventricle in athletes also tended to prevail by 4.5% over this indicator in the control group. The mass of the myocardium in athletes was 22.3% more than in the control. The value of the cardiac output fraction did not differ between the groups of young men. The rate of relaxation of the posterior wall of the left ventricle in swimmers prevailed over the control by 26.8%.
The thickness of the posterior wall of the left ventricle recorded at the time of diastole in swimmers was 20.8% greater than in the control, with a tendency to decrease in their final diastolic heart volume by 6.2%. The magnitude of the impact volume did not differ between the observation groups. In both groups of observed young men, the diameter of the left ventricle, its total volume and the size of its cavity were comparable with the similarity of the parameters of central hemodynamics and contractility of the heart. A slight decrease in the level of the ratio of the final diastolic volume of the left ventricle to its mass (0.71 ±0.14) in swimmers proved that they had some predominance of the phenomena of left ventricular hypertrophy over the processes of its dilation.
Conclusions. Systematic swimming exercises strengthen the work of the heart and stimulate hemodynamics in the body. They especially stimulate the work of the left parts of the heart, without changing the volume of their cavities and increasing diastolic relaxation of the walls of the left ventricle.

Literature

1. Zavalishina S.Yu. Functional features of erythrocytes in healthy young people who do not exercise physically / S.Yu. Zavalishina, T.S. Fadeeva // Bulletin of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. Series: Ecology and life safety. - 2011. – No. 2. – pp. 55-62.